Analysis of Ah, Are you Digging on My Grace - 1212 Words

The poem under analysis is called Ah, Are you Digging on My Grace? and it is written by the novelist and poet Thomas Hardy. There are two main speakers in the poem, although other characters were referred to as well. The first main speaker is a deceased woman, who is trying to identify the visitor of her grave. The second main speaker is her living feline companion, which responds to her questions. The dog quotes other characters whom presence is questioned by the woman. The referred-to characters are her lover, family members, and enemy. The poem is essentially a dialog between the woman and her dog. She is astounded to sense that someone is â€Å"digging† on her grave, and is disappointed every time she provides an anxious guess. The woman’s†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the dog not only disaffirms her guesses, but adds to the insensitivity by including a deplorable reason of their absence. Another ironic idea is faithfulness, where dogs are general ly considered to be the most faithful, and in this case the dog did not even realize it was her grave. The unresolved disappointment or loneliness within the dead woman is in itself tension. It seems as if she was waiting for a sign of visit, and when it arrived, was not what she was expecting. Therefore, disappointment was present before, during, and after the dialog with her dog. The statements which her loved ones (and enemy) had said were assumed to be unheard by her. Although, when it had reached her, it opposed what she thought of initially. She was indeed hurt by her lover’s immediate marriage, her family’s unconcern to mourn, and thought her enemy would still hold a grudge. There is a contradiction between speculation and reality. The poem Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave? puts optimism and pessimism in conflict, but resolves it by asserting pessimism. If the actual rhythm is considered, it is continuous throughout the entire poem, following a composition of â €Å"ABCCB†. Seeing that pessimism is existent from beginning to end, it is emphasizes by a rhythm that does not change throughout the entire poem. It is as if pessimism will still exist even after the end of the dialogue. Rhyme provides a singing tone to anyShow MoreRelatedI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 Pagesfound to be of greater signiï ¬ cance for those who start out without any work experience (21%) than for those with substantial work experience (13%). 2.3 Positive Factors: What Excites Entrepreneurs? 2.3.1 When entrepreneurs were asked: ‘Where do you see yourself ï ¬ ve years from now?’, it was discovered that most entrepreneurs envision the future of their business in terms of the nature and quality of work (and other intangibles) rather than only in terms of turnover and growth rates. While some

A Sit Down Conversion With My Company Officer - 1219 Words

In a sit down conversion with my company officer, we discussed the importance of the competing tensions and loyalties presented in the case study. As junior officers in the Navy or Marine Corps team, we are going to be responsible for and expected to upkeep equipment that could range up into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. To be responsible for that equipment would mean that it is my divisions, and ultimately my own, responsibility to maintain and upkeep that equipment in the finest condition possible—it is being ready on a moment’s notice that preserves the loyalties I owe to the mission of the Navy and the American people. To be ill prepared or not prepared at all is ultimately disloyal. During the discussion, we concluded that†¦show more content†¦After all, Chief has apparently been doing this for some number of years—he knows what he is talking about, right? However, by conforming to what Chief is suggesting—by allowing these false main tenance records—I put my division at risk. What if, because of faulty equipment that was supposedly in working order, someone got hurt? Not only is the division’s credibility on the line, but someone must take responsibility for the falsified document—that responsibility falls on the division officer. In addition to the loss of ship’s trust in the division, there are a slew of reasons not to adhere to Chief’s suggestion. This type of maintenance and these big inspections are not trivial; they are known about long before they happen. If Chief’s action is allowed to go unquestioned, it sets the precedence for future inspections. If the division officer allows jobs to be falsified now, who is to say he would not allow the same in the future—it is a snowball effect. One skipped maintenance leads to two, which leads to three, and so on and so forth. At the end of the day the enlisted sailors know the job did not get done, yet the division passed the inspection. This allows the sailors to judge and presume certain aspects of their division officer’s character and integrity. The conflicts presented in this case study can be broken down and analyzed using virtue ethics. In class and in the readings, virtue is described as an internal settled conflict that allows us toShow MoreRelatedVenture Capital and Tech Coast Angels9915 Words   |  40 Pagesangel term l sheet seemed mor attractive. It offered the level of fun re e nding the com mpany had a asked for with less h dilution. However the CEO w r, wondered wh hether the $1 million w really ad 1.5 was dequate to ge the et company past the next hurdle. The clinical trials were taking longe than expec l er cted, which w would delay FDA appro oval; and the manufactur e ring costs for the device were comin in higher than ng anticipated. 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Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Nephropathy Free Essays

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable condition resulting in high levels of glucose in the blood. It occurs due to inability of the beta cells in pancreas islet tissue to produce enough insulin, or when the body becomes resistant to insulin. It reduces both quality and length of life and over time leads to serious complications such as coronary heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. We will write a custom essay sample on Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Nephropathy or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes: also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), early-onset and juvenile diabetes. It is an autoimmune disease and results from destruction of insulin producing beta cells in islet tissues of pancreas by the body’s immune system. The subsequent lack of insulin results in high blood glucose levels, which if not controlled by exogenous insulin results in multiple organ damage. Type 2 diabetes: formerly called non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) and adult-onset. It is a metabolic disorder that mainly occurs in individuals over the age of 40. In this type of diabetes high blood glucose results either due to relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Lifestyle and genetic factors play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a growing problem among the elderly population and is widely predicted to grow in the future. Since the population is aging in the western world, so it is not surprising that elderly population will contribute to future increase but other factors such as lifestyle and diet will also play a major role. WHO survey 2010 estimated that 285 million of the world’s population have diabetes and more than 70% of them live in low and middle income countries. It is also estimated that this burden will increase to 438 million by 2030 (Diabetes fact, 2011). Wild 2004 projected that the total number of individuals with diabetes worldwide will increase from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million 2030. Although the prevalence of diabetes is higher in men compared to women but there are more women with diabetes than men. In developing countries type 2 diabetes mainly affects people of working age, between 35 and 64 years, whereas in developed countries the majority of people with diabetes are above the age of retirement i.e. above 65 years of age (WDD06 – Karachi, 2006). India has the largest diabetes world’s population i.e. 50.8 million followed by China with 43.2 million ( Express news report, 2009). In Europe prevalence of clinically diagnosed diabetes was estimated to be 3% in 1997. It was estimated to increase to around 3.6% by 2000 and to over 4% by 2010 (Scottish Diabetes Survey 2003). In UK 4.26 % of population has diabetes according to the Diabetes UK statistics (Diabetes prevalence 2010). Scottish Diabetic Survey, 2010, projects that 4.6% of Scotland population has diabetes out of which 87.7% have type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is also at an increase among children. Diabetes amongst children is primarily Type 1 diabetes but Type 2 diabetes is also increasingly being diagnosed. One of the major contributing factors for this rise in diabetes among children is the increase in the number of children who are overweight or obese. â€Å"Twenty five children in every 100,000 in Scotland have diabetes, compared to 17 in England and Wales.† An increase in this at a rate of 2% per years has been suggested by Diabetes UK in Scotland, as a result tripling of new cases in the last 30 years has been seen (ABPI Report Scotland, 2005). Economic burden of Diabetes for families and society: Diabetes and its complications have a significant economic impact on individuals, families, health systems and countries. For example, WHO estimates that in the period 2006-2015, China will need to allocate $558 billion in foregone national income due to heart disease, stroke and diabetes alone and India will spend $336.6 billion (Diabetes, 2011). â€Å"In the poorest countries, people with diabetes and their families bear almost the whole cost of the medical care they can afford.† In Latin America, 40-60% of medical care expenditures is paid by the families themselves. In Mozambique, 75% of the per capita income is spent on diabetic care by one person; in Mali it amounts to 61%; Vietnam is 51% and Zambia 21%. It is estimated that poor people with diabetes in some developing countries spend as much as 25% of their annual income on private care (Diabetes fact. April 2011). The trend of diabetes in developing countries show that it mostly affects working age group, between 35 and 64 years, relative to developed countries where the majority of diabetes population are aging. Therefore when principal wage earner is affected by diabetes and its complications, the choice between healthcare expenses and food or clothing can trap the whole family in a downward spiral of worsening poverty and health. According to WHO, an annual 2% reduction in chronic disease death rates in Pakistan would provide an economic gain of 1 billion dollars over the next 10 years (WDD06 – Karachi, 2006). The cost incurred by diabetes morbidity are far greater than the cost of the disease prevention (Editorial in Lancet: World Diabetes Day 14th November, 2010). In a press report by the independent economic consultancy group NERA it is assessed that intensive management of Type 2 diabetes in Scotland can decrease hospital cost by ?41 million by saving over 91,000 bed days a year in 2025 and will also save ?78 million a year in lost work days (ABPI Report Scotland, 2005). Diabetic Nephropathy: The diabetic complication, nephropathy is a condition with high unmet therapeutic needs. It is linked with significant increases in morbidity and mortality risk, and is the most common cause of ESRD in the Western countries. Diabetes-induced damage in the kidney leads to microalbuminuria. This progresses to ESRD, which requires dialysis or transplantation. Diabetes accounts for over 40% of ESRD (Diabetic Nephropathy, 2003). The main focus of therapy in diabetic nephropathy is on tight control of blood pressure. Guidelines have progressively revised the target BP goal downwards, currently at 125/75 mmHg in patients with 1g proteinuria, and now recommend either ACE or ARB (Diabetic Nephropathy, 2003). In the U.S., diabetic nephropathy accounts for about 40% of new cases of ESRD. In 1997 the cost required for treatment of diabetic patients having ESRD amounts to $15.6 billion. There is considerable racial/ethnic variability in this regard, Native Americans, Hispanics (especially Mexican-Americans), and African-Americans have much higher risks of developing ESRD than non-Hispanic whites with type 2 diabetes (Mark, 2001). In the UK, 1,000 people with diabetes start kidney dialysis every year. (Diabetes in the UK, 2004). Ahmedani 2005 reports that in Karachi, Pakistan overall prevalence of microalbuminuria was found to be 34% in patients with diabetes and this was strongly associated with the age, diastolic hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and serum low density lipoprotein. End stage renal disease is a most serious complication of diabetes and accounts to be the most expensive for NHS. Diabetic nephropathy usually develops 15-25 years after the occurrence of diabetes. In Scotland, 20% of patients who undergo renal transplantation are diabetic. In diabetic individuals, microalbuminuria and stroke, or an increased serum creatinine levels raises the risk of renal nephropathy and failure. Poor glycemic control and high blood pressure are risk factors of diabetic renal disease (Scottish Diabetes Framework, 2002). Diabetic renal impairment is a strong indicator of Cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality is diabetic patients (Guillausseau, 2011). Annual cardiovascular mortality is 0.7% in normoalbuminuric patient as compared to 2% in microalbuminuric patients and 12% in the patient with elevated creatinine (Stratton IM, 2009) In a review by Vishwanathan, 1999, it is explained that South Asians and Afro-Caribbean are more susceptible to develop renal disease relative to European. Retinopathy increases the risk of diabetic nephropathy. Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in India was 30.3% in a study done among 4837 patients with chronic renal failure over a period of 10 years. He further argued that an increased prevalence of microalbuminurea among South Asians having type 2 diabetes mellitus relative to Europeans by 1.2 (men) and 1.7 (women) folds. According to SIGN 116, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy in patient with type 1 diabetes can be considerably reduced by attaining good glycaemic and tight blood pressure control.  ­ In a report by Singh NP, 2003, it is suggested that the incidence of diabetic kidney disease can be reduced by: tight blood glucose control, blood pressure control, rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade and protein restriction. Causes of microvascular damage in diabetes: Long standing hyperglycemia lead to a number of damages including: Advanced glycosylated end products (AGES) Oxidative stress Increased sorbitol (polyol pathway) Increase in hexosamine pathway Impaired endothelial function Immune effect All these damages result in microvascular complications of diabetes. Advanced glycosylated end-products (AGEs): Chronic hyperglycemia causes increased glycosylation of proteins leading to AGEs, which in turn results in loss of structure and function, turning on/off signal pathways within cells and alteration in gene expression. AGEs are sugar-derived compounds, glucose binds amino groups on proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to form AGEs. AGEs form at a constant but slow rate throughout your life (even as an embryo) (Peppa et al, 2003). AGEs interact with RAGE (surface AGE-binding receptors) resulting in proinflammatory effects, formation reactive oxygen species, loss of oxidants (oxidative stress) and altered gene transcription. Levels of AGEs relates to extent of microvascular complications in diabetes. AGEs contributes to atheromatous plaque by stimulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and the deposition of oxidized LDL. AGEs leads to endothelial dysfunction, macrophage activation, and impaired vascular smooth muscle cell function. Experimentally, AGEs cause glomerular damage and proteinuria. Oxidative stress and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Oxidative stress is an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidants. Oxygen is used by cells to carry out their normal functions and as a side effect produces free radicals. Free radicals are missing an electron so are unstable and highly reactive. Free radicals steal electrons from molecules within cells causing oxidative damage to proteins, membranes and genes. Polyol pathway/aldose reductase: Aldose reductase (AR) normally reduces toxic aldehydes into inactive alcohols inside the cells. Glucose perfuses into some cells without insulin e.g. nerves. During hyperglycaemic condition, AR reduces that excess glucose to sorbitol (a polyol). Polyols are trapped inside the cells creating an osmotic gradient. Sodium and water flow into the cell resulting in oedema. But sorbitol can be metabolised to fructose by the actions of sorbitol dehydrogenase. High fructose leads to AGEs resulting in more cell damage (Takaqi et al, 1995). Hexosamine pathway: Glucose is mainly metabolised through glycolysis, some gets diverted into an alternative pathway, ending up as UDP (urine diphosphate) N-acetyl glucosamine. This alters transcription factors, often leading to pathologic changes in gene expression e.g. increased expression of transforming growth factor-B1 and plaminogen activator inhibitor-1, which damages blood vessels. Endothelial dysfunction – pathogenesis: Hyperglycemia leading to the formation of AGEs, ROS, the glycosylation of proteins and increased inflammatory cytokines etc. As a result small blood vessels, particularly the endothelium are damaged causing vasoconstriction, ischemia, and reduced flow to tissues that rely on the vessel for oxygen and nutrients. Growth factors are also released leading to the blood vessel wall thickening and occlusion of small blood vessels. Nerve growth factors (NGF) and factors like it are damaged. These factors keep nerves healthy and capable of re-growth if damaged. Changes to the immune system lead to release of toxic cytokines, blockage of blood vessels with leukocytes and loss of normal immune cell action. In this dissertation, a recent aspect of one of the above causes of microvascular damage of diabetes leading to nephropathy will be considered. Current studies have uncovered new insights in the role of oxidative stress in diabetic renal disease, suggesting a different and innovative approach to a possible â€Å"casual† antioxidant therapy. In this dissertation the role oxidative stress may play in the development of diabetic kidney disease will be discussed. The role of antioxidant therapy in managing or delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy will be addressed. REFERENCES: Ahmedani M Y, (2005) Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Karachi: Pakistan A Multi-center Study: http://www.jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=856 ABPI Report Scotland, (2005)The future burden of CHD and Diabetes in Scotland: The value of health care innovation. Available at: s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.abpi.org.uk/†¦/50031328.pdf Diabetes fact. (2011) Available at: http://www.worlddiabetesfoundation.org/composite-35.htm Diabetes (2011), Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ Diabetic Nephropathy 2003. Available at: http://www.datamonitor.com/Products/Free/Brief/BFHC0625/010BFHC0625.pdf Express news report, India has largest number of diabetes patients: Report (2009) http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-has-largest-number-of-diabetes-patient/531240/ Diabetes in the UK 2004, www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Reports/in_the_UK_2004.doc Guillausseau, (2011) Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk: kidney function is pivota. Available at: http://www.diafocus.com/2011/01/11/type-2-diabetes-and-cardiovascular-risk-kidney-function-is-pivotal/ Peppa M, Uribarri J, Vlassara H, 2003, Glucose, Advanced Glycation End Products, and Diabetes Complications: What is New and What Works. Available at: http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/content/21/4/186.full Stratton IM, (2009) Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study Available at: http://articulos.sld.cu/medicinainterna/files/2009/10/association-of-glycaemia-with-macrovascular-and-microvascular.pdf Scottish Diabetes Framework. (2002) Available at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2002/04/14452/1986 Scottish Diabetes Survey 2003, Available at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/10/20023/44203 Singh NP, Singh D, 2003, Diabetes Mellitus – An Overview For Family Physicians. Available at: http://delhimedicalcouncil.nic.in/diabetes-mellitus.html Sign 116, Available at: http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign116.pdf Scottish Diabetes Survey 2010, Available at: http://www.diabetesinscotland.org.uk/Publications/Scottish%20Diabetes%20Survey%202010.pdf Takaqi Y, Kashiwaqi A, Tanaka Y, Asahina T, Kikkawa R, Shigeta Y, 1995, Significance of fructose-induced protein oxidation and formation of advanced glycation end product. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7599353 Viswanathan V, (1999) Type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in India—magnitude of the problem. Available at: http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/12/2805.full WILD S et al, (2004) Global Prevalence of Diabetes. Available at: http://www.who.int/diabetes/facts/en/diabcare0504.pdf WDD06 – Karachi, (2006). Diabetes kills without distinction. Available at: http://www.idf.org/wdd06-karachi How to cite Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Nephropathy, Essay examples

Consequences Information Systems Planning -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Consequences Information Systems Planning? Answer: Introduction Strategic information system is developed to facilitate business activities of organisations. The strategic information system is capable to offer a competitive edge to each and every organisation. Besides that, it offers cost-effective service. The strategic information system is helpful for the organisations for storing, accessing and processing sensitive data (Kavanagh and Johnson 2017). It helps the organisations to apply several tools so that the business activities can get enriched (Marabelli and Galliers 2017). The strategic information system provides several opportunities so that the business operations can get improved. Qudos bank has been chosen as case study for the report. Qudos bank is currently suffering from issues like storing, accessing and processing data of the database. They have struggled to implement the strategic information system appropriately in their premises. The report will suggest Qudos bank how they can improve their business with the help of information system in appropriate manner. The report explains the six main components of the strategic information system. The report explains various components of the strategic information system and the including outsourcing, end-user computing with respect to Qudos banking (Andersen and Andersson 2017). The information system strategy adds value to the organisation. The internal control in the can enhance the business activities of any organisations including Qudos Bank. the report will illustrate all the management aspects of Qudos bank in details in the report. The report will compare and contrast the issues and challenges, it will a lso critically evaluate the information system strategy. The strategic information system can bring innovations to Qudos bank. The strategic information adds value to Qudos bank. The report critically evaluates internal control. Qudos bank can get the competitive edge Discussion Qudos Bank is an Australian mutual bank. The bank is popular providing various financial services. The financial services include the credit cards, savings, home loans, car loans. Qudos bank provides the financial planning assistance to the Australian citizens (Yang 2017). The bank deals with foreign exchange products. Qudos Bank is a public sector bank. The bank has eleven subsidiaries all over Australia. The bank acquires its registration in the year 1959 and began operating on 1 November of the year. Qudos bank was previously known as the Qantas Credit Union. The bank is the customer owned bank. Now, Qudos Bank has about one lac member. The financial organisation is known to offer retail banking products. Qudos bank offers membership facility to the current as well as the former employees (Barata and Cunha 2017). The employees families and relatives are also given the opportunity so that they can register with Qudos bank and can get the membership facility. The bank offers various ranges of products and the services. The services they offer are- Deposit Accounts- Loan offset accounts, fixed interest rate term devices and savings accounts are some of the facilities that fall under this category (Moran and Morner 2017). Payment services- BPAY, debit card, telephone banking fall under this category. Retirement savings account- superannuation accounts and varied interest rate fall under this category (Jali, Abas and Ariffin 2017). General insurance- Qudos Bank offers the general insurance service for home and household components, CTP insurance, caravan and motor vehicle. Managed investment schemes- the managed investment scheme consists of the portfolio services directed by the investor (Wildavsky 2018). Life insurance- Qudos bank offers life insurance to the individuals who are disabled; it offers services to the customers who are suffering from critical illness. Qudos Bank also offers credit products like the home loans, personal loans, credit cards and overdrafts facility to the customers (Jali, Abas and Ariffin 2017). Qudos Bank caters cost effective flexible home loans to the clients and the customers. The customers registered with Qudos Bank will not have to pay annual fee, no establishment fees and other package fees. The bank also provides free monthly transaction allowance so to use ATMs. Qudos Bank also gets numerous benefits like the financial as well as the training assistance from their business partners (Nambisan et al. 2017). The staffs also get numerous benefits; they get incentives from the business partners. Comparing and contrasting the issues and the challenges that can Qudos Bank faces There are several challenges and issues associated with the strategic information system. All these challenges have been showcased in the report. The issues and the challenges have been compared and contrasted in the report (Sroufe and Joseph 2017). Both the public sector and the private sector have faced several challenges while trying to adopt and maintain IT/IS technology in their sector. i) Private Sector: the private sector bank has faced several risks and challenges and all these risks have been detailed as follows- a) Risk Management in the private sector: The private sector bank suffers mainly from the risk management issue. The government banks generally receive more security compared to other private banks (Nambisan et al. 2017). That is why the private banks are also concerned about the security features. The security issues can lead to heavy losses. b) Other banks involvement and association: The private sector banks suffer due to the involvement of the other bank. Thus the involvement of other banks can prove to be a serious challenge for the private sector bank. c) New items launch: The third challenge that the private banking sector can face is the introduction of new features, new scheme or new items. The new items or the new scheme can contain the security risks (Jali, Abas and Ariffin 2017). The customers can dislike any feature the bank has implemented and can simply reject the feature, the bank can suffer heavy losses due to this reason. d) Interest Rate: The high rate of interest is another challenge for the private banking sector (Moran and Morner 2017). The customers may not be able to afford the services that the bank offers. The strategic information system planners can face several issues while adopting and maintaining the IT/IS in a strategic way all these issues have been highlighted in the report. ii) Public Sector: The public banking sector like the private banking sector can face risks and challenges while dealing with the strategy development (Barata and Cunha 2017). The strategic information planners have to perform several operations and they will have to take go through several challenging situations. The challenges that they can face are: a) Capital Base: The poor capital base is one kind of challenge that the public sector bank can face. The capital base is acquired in general via initial public offering. The public banking sector generally earns very low capital base compared to other private banks (Schulze and Heidenreich 2017). Qudos Bank is no exception, they also suffering due to the low capital bases. b) Comparatively less number of subsidiaries: The public sector banks, unlike the private sector bank, contain relatively less number of subsidiaries (Ertek et al. 2017). The less number of bank branches can be a threat and challenge for the public bank. They have fear of losing branches as well. c) Technology gap: The technology gap can be a serious threat to the public sector banks (Tarafdar and Qrunfleh 2017). These banks are using technologies which are of no use today, besides those technologies are ineffective and are full of security threats. d) Quality of service offered by the public bank: The public sector bank is often criticised to provide poor quality service (Kamariotou and Kitsios 2017). These banks are struggling for not offering the quality services and not meeting the customers demands. The public sector banks suffer from the challenges described above. Qudos Banks IS adaptation and critical Evaluation of IS Strategy The information system strategy for Qudos Bank has been illustrated as follows- i) Updating prevalent Qudos Banks IS strategy: Qudos Bank must act responsibly and must take the responsibility to update the system. The bank should update the system on a constant basis. ii) Appointing new employees: Qudos will have to change the prevalent management system and will have to adopt a new management system. The new management system has planned to incorporate IS strategy to the management system (Aguinis, Edwards and Bradley 2017). They will have to appoint talented, hardworking and creative people. These people have the capability to bring innovation to the bank premises. iii) Maintenance of Qudos banks system and database: Qudos Bank with the aid of the newly adopted management system can manage the business and the financial operations (Ertek et al. 2017). The IS strategy can help Qudos bank to maintain their system and the database. iv) Maintaining Security: The IS strategy can also help Qudos Bank to ensure security and privacy within the bank premises. Security is one important aspect of the bank, and Qudos should not compromise at all. Qudos Banks adopting new and innovative ideas Qudos Bank with the help of information system can adopt certain strategies by which they can furnish the business and financial activities of the bank (Ertek et al. 2017). The seven most utilised approaches that can improvise the business activities are defined below- i) Mandate creation: Mandate creation is one kind of approach and this approach can be helpful in improvising the business activities of Qudos Bank. A mandate generally provides direction so that changes can be implemented within the organisation. The mandate is associated with distinct strategy and the strategy is expected to bring innovations to the bank premises (Seidel et al. 2017). The top level management's role is to create a mandate. The top-level management is the initiators of the mandate adaptations and improvisations (Ertek et al. 2017). They also approach towards the people with a similar passion for the creation of mandate. ii) Be any Model: Be any model is one kind of approach following which Qudos Bank can become innovative. The top-level management should adopt all the strategies so that they can work effectively and successfully (Kamariotou and Kitsios 2017). Qudos bank should prioritise the business thinking as well as business thinking. iii) Discussing issues and challenges with the stakeholders and the employees: Qudos Bank must ensure that the information system should analyse the issues aroused in the system and should make sure that there exist no loopholes in the decision-making procedures and the problem-solving techniques (Kamariotou and Kitsios 2017). Qudos bank should provide train with their employees in such a way that they can analyse the issues and sort out the issues themselves with ease (Seidel et al. 2017). The employees can be able to find out the best solution by which they can mitigate the issues effectively. iv) Development of dedicated team: Qudos Banks dedicated team must analyse the issues or the problems well, Qudos bank can get to know about various solutions by which the issues aroused can be well mitigated (Tarafdar and Qrunfleh 2017). The team will get to know about any other alternative solutions by which Qudos bank can improve their business activities. v) Qudos bank providing access to the people: Qudos Bank deals with the customers. The customers should be provided with appropriate login access. The customers feedback is essential for the business (Abdelwahed, Mahmoud and Bdair 2017). Qudos Bank must consider the feedback from the customers as that can help the bank to know where they should make improvements. vi) Designing Systems and Building System: Qudos Bank should design and build system in such a way that the system the new management system can provide effective service in a profitable manner (Lapsley and Rekers 2017). The new management system can provide them with the solutions so that they can get the competitive edge. vii) Establishing a business network with other workers of the bank: The workers working in Qudos bank must discuss with each other and they must consider the business networking (Ba and Nault 2017). The workers can discuss with each other the issues that can occur in the bank and based on that they can take critical decisions for solving the issues. Outsourcing vs End-User Computing in Qudos Bank Outsourcing is one kind of approach by which any company provides important functionalities to effective and specialised service partners. This approach can give the opportunity to Qudos Bank to work with experienced and effective partners in the business (Deresky 2017). In some cases, the outsourcing involves the employee's transfer from one organisation to other. EUC or end-user computing defines a platform where the non-programmers get the opportunity to work with numerous applications (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). The end user computing is one sort of computing that incorporates the end users into the programming environment. Outsourcing is the best among all. The IS/IT Strategy can bring immense benefits to Qudos Bank. The IS/IT Director must adopt the IS strategy and must deploy it effectively to get the maximum benefits (Tucker et al. 2017). The report has highlighted how the Director can be benefitted by the usage of IS/IT Strategy and they are as follows- i) Qudos Bank focusing on Basic Actions: Qudos bank can enhance their business operations with the help of IS Strategy. The financial operations and the business operations can get enhanced and the bank should focus on these basic operations to gain the desired profit they want (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). Qudos Bank must also focus on the outsourcing of financial and business operations. ii) Expenses Savings and Efficiency in Qudos Bank: Qudos banking must choose the outsourcing activities. The outsourcing operations help in expense savings. Alongside expenses, the banks efficiency also gets increased (Tucker et al. 2017). The savings expenses, as well as the effects, are helpful for Qudos bank as the bank can gain profit. iii) Lessening Overhead: Outsourcing assists in lessening the cost of overhead, this approach can prove to be beneficial for the bank (Wu 2017). The overhead costs for the carrying out the back-office operations are comparatively very high. iv) Qudos Bank Control in Operations: The business operations can go out of control; however, the operations can be controlled by means of outsourcing (Tjemkes, Vos and Burgers 2017). Any department of Qudos Bank can suffer as a result of the poor controlling and poor administration. Qudos Bank as a result of outsourcing can acquire the best possible outcome. The bank can get cost-effective service due to the outsourcing (Rahimi and Kozak 2017). Thus outsourcing can help them to gain numerous benefits. v) Qudos Banks Staffing Flexibility: The adaptation of new management system can be problematic for any organisations and Qudos Bank is no exception (Serenko and Bontis 2017). The flexibility in staffing is a vital aspect with regards to outsourcing. The staffs contribute to the success of the bank (Rahimi and Kozak 2017). Various kinds of business operations can be managed with ease with the aid of outsourcing. vi) Risk Management in Qudos Bank: Risk management is another important aspect that must be considered by all the organisations. Qudos bank management team and the Qudos banks workers must consider the risk management as well in their premises (Durand et al. 2017). The outsourcing can help the bank to manage the risks involved in the business operations; the risks can be managed to invest a minimal amount. vii) Developing Internal Staff: The large projects can only become successful or can be successfully accomplished is the staffs and all the employees work well in the project (Durand et al. 2017). Similarly, in case of Qudos bank, the management team must train their employees well (Wolf and Floyd 2017). the internal staffs and the workers of the bank stay in charge of managing the business operations and outsourcing the business operations. The training will help the employees to hone their talents and skills. The employees can bring out any new innovative approach. Strategic Information adding value to Qudos bank via IT/ IS i) Implementing Strategic Information Role: The adaptation of information system technology in the organisation premise always adds value to any organisation and Qudos Bank can acquire several benefits with the aid of information system strategy (Ayabakan, Bardhan and Zheng 2017). The strategies have been illustrated below. They are- The first phase provides the relevant information required to carry on the investigation of the business procedures. The first stage involves the behavioural traits of the management staffs and approaches towards employees and the business tasks (Harris 2017). The first phase also deals with the expenses that must be paid. In this stage, Qudos bank can learn about the competitors. the second stage deals with mission and strategies- The strategic decisions depend on - Targeting the appropriate market The location of office premises Development of new products (Ayabakan, Bardhan and Zheng 2017) Launching of new products Promoting the products Budget associated with the project Identifying the needs of the customers or the users: The customers demands and wishes must be recognised and the bank should meet all the demands of the customers if possible. The needs of the customers add value to the bank (Harris 2017). Qudos bank can gain competitive advantage, they can get huge Segmentation of the market: market segmentation is one of the aspects of running the business. The segmentation assists in making a specific group of customers (Ayabakan, Bardhan and Zheng 2017). Qudos bank can get benefits by segmenting their office departments, business procedures into appropriate segments. Critically discuss Good Internal Control Good Internal Control must take into consideration by each and every organisation. The characteristics of effective internal control assist the organisations to carry out the business activities (Aguinis, Edwards and Bradley 2017). the business operations can be helpful to safeguard the business assets of the business. Control Environment: The control environment is basically the companys approach and the companys attitude towards the internal control of the business activities. Qudos Banks system can become disrupted if the management system of the bank overrides the controls that are in place (Kamariotou and Kitsios 2017). The internal control of the bank can get threatened due to the management override of controls. Risk Assessment: Risk Assessment is the methodology by which the threats and risks can be analysed, the organisation can have the knowledge to identify the threats beforehand and they can take initiatives accordingly (Sroufe and Joseph 2017). Qudos Banking can be similarly benefitted with the help of risk assessment. Information and communication: The communication components are responsible to accumulate the spread the relevant information related to the internal control. All these communication components can be helpful for the employees (Schulze and Heidenreich 2017). The employees can perform better with the aid of the communication segments associated with the ongoing control efforts. Monitoring: Monitoring is the procedure which ensures that the internal control system (Kamariotou and Kitsios 2017). The effective monitoring involves the procedures by which the business procedures can be better managed. The ineffective control can be better traced with the help of the management system (Aguinis, Edwards and Bradley 2017). Qudos bank management team with the help of monitoring can get to know about the changes made to the system and can be able to complete the business tasks within the given scheduled time. Control Activities: The control activities are the activities that are carried out by the management body of the organisation (Tarafdar and Qrunfleh 2017). The management team of Qudos bank can assure the internal control in an effective way. The control activities can help to know the problems Qudos bank is facing. A report will be made based on the analysis. The results of the analysis are shared with the employees (Abdelwahed, Mahmoud and Bdair 2017). All the employees of the bank along with stakeholders and management body with the help of internal control can design the system well. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that the information system helps any organisations in every possible way. Qudos Bank can be significantly benefitted with the aid of the information system. The bank must adopt and use the information system in an effective manner, the efficient approach can be able to meet the goal and objective of the organisation. Since Qudos Bank has decided to adopt the strategic information system and planned to undertake all the activities simultaneously, they must have an effective strategic plan. The strategic plan requires about one year completing the plan. All the associated stakeholders of the bank must cooperate and must undertake the project activities. One of the benefits that the strategic information offers is that it involves every stakeholder of the organisation. The other advantages the strategic information offers are decision making and the data mining capabilities. ERP is a better option for strategic planning in Qudos bank. The re port explains how the enterprise resource planning software can facilitate the growth of the business growth of Qudos Bank. Qudos bank can become famous for the effective implementation of the strategic information in the premises. Qudos bank with the help of information strategy is able to achieve their goals and objectives. The report illustrates between end-user computing and outsourcing. Internal control concepts have been explained in this report too. References Abdelwahed, A.S., Mahmoud, A.Y. and Bdair, R.A., 2017. Information Security Policies and their Relationship with the Effectiveness of the Management Information Systems of Major Palestinian Universities in the Gaza Strip.International Journal of Information Science Management,15(1). Aguinis, H., Edwards, J.R. and Bradley, K.J., 2017. 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Deresky, H., 2017.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Durand, R., Grant, R.M., Madsen, T.L., Zhao, E.Y., Fisher, G., Lounsbury, M. and Miller, D., 2017. Optimal distinctiveness: Broadening the interface between institutional theory and strategic management.Strategic Management Journal,38(1), pp.93-113. Ertek, G., Tokdemir, G., Sevin, M. and Tun, M.M., 2017. New knowledge in strategic management through visually mining semantic networks.Information Systems Frontiers,19(1), pp.165-185. Harris, E., 2017.Strategic project risk appraisal and management. Routledge. Jali, M.N., Abas, Z. and Ariffin, A.S., 2017. Social Innovation in the context of Strategic Knowledge Management Processes for Supply Chain Performance Enhancement.International Journal of Supply Chain Management,6(1), pp.233-237. Kamariotou, M. and Kitsios, F., 2017. Information Systems Phases and Firm Performance: A Conceptual Framework. InStrategic Innovative Marketing(pp. 553-560). Springer International Publishing. Kavanagh, M.J. and Johnson, R.D. eds., 2017.Human resource information systems: Basics, applications, and future directions. Sage Publications. Lapsley, I. and Rekers, J.V., 2017. The relevance of strategic management accounting to popular culture: The world of West End Musicals.Management Accounting Research,35, pp.47-55. Marabelli, M. and Galliers, R.D., 2017. A reflection on information systems strategizing: the role of power and everyday practices.Information Systems Journal,27(3), pp.347-366. Moran, B.B. and Morner, C.J., 2017.Library and information center management. ABC-CLIO. Nambisan, S., Lyytinen, K., Majchrzak, A. and Song, M., 2017. Digital innovation management: Reinventing innovation management research in a digital world.Mis Quarterly,41(1). Rahimi, R. and Kozak, M., 2017. Impact of customer relationship management on customer satisfaction: The case of a budget hotel chain.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,34(1), pp.40-51. Schulze, M. and Heidenreich, S., 2017. Linking energy-related strategic flexibility and energy efficiencyThe mediating role of management control systems choice.Journal of Cleaner Production,140, pp.1504-1513. Seidel, S., Bharati, P., Fridgen, G., Watson, R.T., Albizri, A., Boudreau, M.C., Butler, T., Kruse, L.C., Guzman, I., Karsten, H. and Lee, H., 2017. The Sustainability Imperative in Information Systems Research.CAIS,40, p.3. Serenko, A. and Bontis, N., 2017. Global ranking of knowledge management and intellectual capital academic journals: 2017 update.Journal of Knowledge Management,21(3). Sroufe, R. and Joseph, S. eds., 2017.Strategic sustainability: the state of the art in corporate environmental management systems. Routledge. Tarafdar, M. and Qrunfleh, S., 2017. Agile supply chain strategy and supply chain performance: complementary roles of supply chain practices and information systems capability for agility.International Journal of Production Research,55(4), pp.925-938. Tjemkes, B., Vos, P. and Burgers, K., 2017.Strategic alliance management. Routledge. Tucker, M.P., Tucker, M.P., Masuri, M.R.A., Masuri, M.R.A., Cotgrave, A. and Cotgrave, A., 2017. Critical strategic issues for the integration of facilities management into the development process.Property Management,35(4), pp.380-393. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Wildavsky, A., 2018. Policy analysis is what information systems are not. InThe Art and Craft of Policy Analysis(pp. 7-23). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Wolf, C. and Floyd, S.W., 2017. Strategic planning research: Toward a theory-driven agenda.Journal of Management,43(6), pp.1754-1788. Wu, W.N., 2017. 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There Is Many Meaningful Personal Connection That Was Made To A Key As

There is many meaningful personal connection that was made to a key aspects of the play. For example the people that were accused and/or convicted of something based on little or no evidence. This incident happened very often in this play. The characters that were involved were John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctor, Abigail, Sarah Good, Rebecca Nurse, Salem girls (including Rebecca, Ruth, and others), and the Putnam family are only a few who were charged or charging others for ridiculous things. Three of the main characters, John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctor, and Abigail (their servant at one point) that had a tangled mess together was over something stupid. John had an affair with Abigail when he was married to Elizabeth. In doing this, Abigail thought that John cared for her, but he didn't. When Elizabeth started to notice the difference in they're relationship, she dismisses Abigail. In court when they questioned John about Abigail, he says that she is a whore. And so then, they brought in Elizabeth for questioning and she lied when John had just told the truth. She said that John had never turned from her. So when they both lied like this, they looked foolish and was condemned. How could people do this? You condemn those who lied? Don't they understand that people make mistakes? The reason for his wife lying was only so that she could protect her husband. They had no hard evidence that he even committed a crime, it was all word. Rebecca Nurse a lady of seventy-two was a mother, grandmother, and wife of Francis Nurse. And during this play she showed a kind and strong minded lady. She was respected in society and was very respected lady in society. Goody Nurse was accused for murdering the marvelous and supernatural murder if Goody Putnam's babies. Which these babies where all born dead. How can you accuse someone for miscarriage? Especially when Goody Nurse never went close to the babies, only to help deliver them. Another lady in this story, Sarah Good was also put in jail for something awfully funny. The only way to save herself was to confess that sometimes she made a compact with Lucifer, and wrote her name in his black book, with her blood, and bound to torment Christians till God's thrown down. In doing this she can save her life. Which another character with a strong minded, Rebecca Nurse had too much pride in herself to say anything that is lying. But then again those who lied got away with it. Those died who told the truth. Then all the girls (including Abigail, Ruth, Betty, and other girls of Salem) had done witchcraft in order to hurt others. Do they think that if they can do a little parade around a pot that something will happen? They also drank blood, one girl ran around naked, pretending that she can see evil, and the others lied very well in court. Abigail with such perfect lying and speaking abilities was able to fool the judge and a few others in court. Saying that she and the other girls gets haunted by the coldness of another girl. Really, she could do this only because she knows how to reduce her temperature. And saying that she can see things that the adults can't see in court? It shows very clearly that she is lying. Abigail has a way to manipulate others, and turn whatever an insult someone gives her back onto the other person. Then she goes around pretending to be such an innocent girl. The people in the court actually believe that young girls are na?ve and stupid. They don't treat young adults like they should now in America. In this society they take all rumors has hard facts and beliefs as facts as well. It doesn't matter if no one saw it happen or anyone admitting to a crime. How can the convict someone without having hard evidence? Can't they understand that it's natural sometimes when babies don't come out alive every time? Don't they know that not all children are honest and innocent? For example Abigail who is 17, and already screwed a married man. I honestly think it's stupid to blame someone else for your own problems.

What is a Crime in Canada essays

What is a Crime in Canada essays The definition of a law is to be any action, which Parliament has decided to be criminal. Parliament decides to declare certain actions criminal because, through its legislation, it reflects the conditions and wishes of society. The Federal Law Reform Commission, in its report Our Criminal Law, suggests that for a certain action to be considered a crime at least these four conditions must exist. Those four conditions is that the action must be wrong, the action must cause harm to other people, the harm must be serious in both nature and degree, and the harm must be dealt through the criminal law. Throughout this essay it will explain and give the history of what constitutes a crime. The criminal law in Canada is the responsibility of the federal government. Canada is a confederation of provinces in a federal system. The Canadian constitution is the British North America Act, passed in 1867, which gives authority to the Government of Canada to make criminal laws. Prior to this, English criminal law, inherited from the English settlers in North America, was the standard. In 1892, the Canadian Parliament passed a law called the Canadian Criminal Code. It was called a Code because it consolidated crimes and criminal law procedure into a single statute. It has been amended and added to many times over the last century. Crimes are defined and punished by statutes and by the common law. Most common law offences are as well known and as precisely ascertained as those which are defined by statutes; yet, from the difficulty of exactly defining and describing every act which ought to be punished, the vital and preserving principle has been adopted; that all immoral acts which tend to the prejudice of the community are punishable by courts of justice. Crimes are bad in themselves, and these include all offences against the moral law; or they are bad because prohibited, as being against sound po ...

People of Europe v.s. Napoleon Bonaparte Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

People of Europe v.s. Napoleon Bonaparte - Essay Example The reason behind such an exile to the island of St. Helena instead of Elba has been the fear of his return to the continent again. It is essential to remember that it was the dissatisfaction of the French people about the rule by the alliance of the Great Powers which helped the return of Napoleon to the land and it is essential to regard the interest of the people of France regarding the current decision to expel him to the island of St. Helena. In other words, it is unjustifiable to expel Napoleon Bonaparte the island of St. Helena against the interests of the French people who made the way for his return to France from the exile to Elba. "Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba, where he was sovereign ruler for 10 months. But as the alliance of the Great Powers broke down during the Congress of Vienna and the French people became dissatisfied with the restored royalists, Napoleon made plans to return to power. Sailing from Elba on February 26, 1815, with 1,050 soldiers, Napoleo n landed in southern France and marched unopposed to Paris, where he reinstated himself on March 21." (Biographical Sketch: Napoleon Bonaparte).

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Principles and Essay

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Principles and Process Standards Worksheet - Essay Example 6. Expectations for each grade level (Pre K-2, Grades 3-5, etc.) are listed under each standard. Review the Math Standards and Expectations section and select two significant process standards. Explain in 100- to 200- words why you choose these two standards. I have decided to review the measurement standards, Data analysis and probability standards. I have chosen these two areas because they are the most challenging parts of mathematics involving critical thinking. In the case of measurement standards, a student between pre-k and grade two cannot distinguish between standard and nonstandard units. In addition, due to their age and class, understanding estimates is hard for them hence basic measurement tools become essential for them. For example, a grade two student cannot use a Vanier caliper since they will make numerous errors in the measurement. For the case of data analysis,expecting a grade two student to understand about graphs is an over estimate. Such should only learn the basics of data, how to classify them and use objects and pictures to represent data. In addition, the activity of designing investigation and the concept of categorical and numerical data is not fit for grade 3-5 student. This student should only be taught about data collection methods and how to represent the data using tables and graphs. Directions: Review the NCTM Principles and Process Standards for School Mathematics, and complete the following two tables. Table 1: NCTM Principles Description Provide a short description of each of the six NCTM principles for school mathematics. NCTM Principles Principle Description 1 Equity This means giving students equal opportunities to learn mathematics regardless of their personal characteristics, backgrounds, or physical challenges. 2 Curriculum This is the arrangement of mathematics topics in order to introduce ideas in a way that they build on each other thus portraying the relationship among important mathematical ideas. 3 Teaching Thi s is trying to give students as much information about a mathematics topic as possible. This can only be possible if teachers understand deeply the mathematics they are teaching. 4 Learning This is the concept understanding of a student about a particular mathematics concept and it enables the student to solve problems and settings that they have not encountered before. 5 Assessment This is the process of teaching while trying to uncover how much students have understood a certain topic during a particular learning period. 6 Technology This is the use of emerging learning machines like calculators and computers in working out mathematical problems. This actually has helped a lot since it has made some mathematical problems easier to solve and understandable. Table 2: NCTM Process Standards Complete the following table by providing a brief description and a real-world example of the five NCTM Process Standards for School Mathematics. NCTM Process Standards Standard Description Real-W orld Example 1 Problem solving This is applying mathematics knowledge to solve problems that arise in life and to design a strategy that monitors the way these problems are solved. If someone has 10 dollars to buy pens each at 2dollars, he can use mathematics to know the number of pens that he can buy. 2 Communication This is the use of other mathematical judgments to consolidate and organize a particular manner

A Comparative Analysis of Amores Perros and Babel Essay

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Understanding If The Iraq Wars Justified Politics Essay

Understanding If The Iraq Wars Justified Politics Essay The American war campaign against the military troops of Iraq began on 20th March 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by international troops led by United States of America and the United Kingdom. Then, the governments of the United States and United Kingdom and other European countries claimed that the possession of weapons of mass destruction by Iraq posed a threat to the international security. This assertion informed the invasion of Saddam Husseins Iraq by the United States and its allies. This invasion has proven to be an unjustified act after it was confirmed that the regime of Saddam Hussein had no weapons of mass destruction. In fact it was alleged that Saddam Hussein only bragged of possessing weapons of mass destruction so he could prevent the neighbouring Iran from ever considering invading his country. Why would the United States invade Saddam Husseins Iraq instead of going after the Taliban and the Al Qaeda terrorists groups? After the 2001 September 11 terrorist attacks, the Al Qaeda extremists admitted to being responsible for the bombings and Osama Bin Laden himself admitted to giving the directive for the bombing. It was only logical that the United States of America would pursue the extremists groups directly and swiftly. However, President Bushs advisers were wrong in going after Saddam Hussein instead of Osama Bin Laden. By then, Osama was still at large and offering more threats and so it would have been easier to find him and bring him to book for atrocious mass killing, than going against Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein in fact had no direct ties to the Al Qaeda or Taliban. The war in Iraq was pushed by the general objective of making the world a better place. The objective of the war was to convey a warning to other axis of evil nations to stop their uranium enrichment programs. The United States feared that if the Islamic Republic of Iraq enriched itself with uranium, this would spark a nuclear arms race. President George W Bush coined the term axis of evil, in January 2002 State of the Union Address in an apparent reference to nations that were sympathetic to the Al Qaeda terrorist group and other international terrorist organizations. After that address, the United States embarked on a war campaign that as at 22 August this year has cost the administration 743 billion dollars  [1]  . The cost of the war has been especially difficult to manage given the existent global economic climate. The effect of the Iraq war on the economy needs no advertising. The United States spends at least 200 million dollars on the Iraq war daily. In 2002, when President George W. Bushs economic adviser Larry Lindsey inferred that the war would cost approximately 200 billion dollars in the long run, people thought he had overestimated the costs. It is now clear that his estimation was a gross underestimation. The Iraq war has costs the United States taxpayer a whooping 730 billion dollars as at August 2010. President Bushs economical advisers anticipated a quick and reasonably inexpensive war, but instead the war dragged on and resulted in the deployment of more than 125,000 American soldiers. These American soldiers need food, shelter and at time entertainment and the only place they can derive these human wants is from Iraq. These soldiers have therefore been supplied by products made in Iraq and this has only helped build the Iraq economy while the United States economy continues to la nguish in budget deficits. Sustaining the large troop base in Iraq has meant the United States spent more and thereby accruing more debts. The major casualties of the Iraq war have been the innocent civilians caught in the cross fire between American forces and its allies against the insurgent. Data available indicating the death toll from the invasion is varied, but critically indicting of the war. Different groups have given different information regarding the actual or even projected figure of Iraqi casualties. The Associated Press gave its figure of civilian casualties at approximately 110, 500 deaths as at April of last year. Another organization called the Iraq Body Count, which collects a database of Iraqi civilian casualties, released a report in April this year indicating that around 105, 000 innocent residents lost their lives from the American offensive  [2]  . War, if absolutely necessary, is meant to deliver humans from suffering and not create suffering instead. The staggering number of civilian casualties makes the war in Iraq more harmful than helpful. This war has ravaged family units, displaced per sons from their homes and left millions living in perpetual fear of imminent death. In the aftermath of the war, America attempted to assist Iraq in managing their country and fighting insurgents, but this caused more harm than good to the general stability of the United States. There are growing doubts in the mainstream America about the administrations capability of winning the war. It is clearly known that the United States of America miserably failed in the Vietnam War three decades ago, and that severely affected the confidence the Americans had on their government ability to successfully complete an overseas mission. The Iraq war is having similar effects on the American psyche. Vietnam made Americans to doubt the governments stand on issues of foreign policy. This confidence by the citizens is further is crushed by realization that their government could wage war on a country based on false intelligence reports  [3]  . When the environmental or ecological effects of the war are assessed, more harm can be seen. The weapons used excreted chemical substances that polluted air, soil and water. These substances contained toxic materials such as hydrochloric acid, asbestos, dioxins and other harmful metals. This polluted the soil as the uranium released by combat troops killed some plant species. During the shock and awe, in the initial launch of attacks, there was thermal radiation excreted by heavy artillery. This thermal radiation caused death by ionising the body of Iraq civilians and American soldiers. In the course of the protracted war, many innocent civilians and soldiers suffered mechanical injuries that left them without limbs. A lot of complications arose due to the mechanical and ionising radiation such as infertility, blood disorders like blood cancer, and cataracts formation. It caused adverse effects on body organs and tissues formation i.e. radiation poisoning. It also caused genetic effe cts and birth defects that might subsequently be passed from current Iraq generation to the next generations. Pressure from heavy artillery employed in the war meant Iraqi civilians chances of survival depended on buildings they were staying in as the buildings can survive 0.8 bar of the heavy blasts, while a human can only withstand 2.0 bar of blast. The increased pressure caused by the blast caused burns of different types to the innocent casualties of the war. Examples are thermal burns from infrared radiation, beta burns from beta radiation and gamma burns from gamma radiation. Radiation also caused hair loss, other effects on the skin like ulceration, itching, flaking, inflammation and blistering. The war in Iraq is associated with other grave ills in the society. There has been significant movement of refugee populations from Iraq to its neighbouring countries of Syria and Jordan. The war has intensified terrorism across the borders of Syria-Iraq and Jordan-Iraq instead of curtailing it. The overthrowing of Saddam Hussein from the Iraqi presidency has intensified separatism in the country and propelled sectarian violence pitting the Sunni and Shiite Muslims to another level. Prior to invasion of Iraq, Saddam had managed to keep the two factions in harmonious coexistence. With the withdrawal of the allied forces from Iraq, it will be interesting to see whether the sectarian violence, transnational criminal activities in the Middle East and the cross-border terrorism will subside or intensify. A safe bet would be on deterioration of stability and security standards. The seven year war in Iraq has damaged the overall credibility of the United States as a world leader. Images of roadside civilian bombings, video footages of American soldiers torturing suspected terrorists and shipment of the suspected terrorist to Guantanamo bay has compounded the already bad image of the United States abroad. It can be recalled that the United States made a unilateral Iraqi invasion decision, in total disregard of the United Security Council opposition to the war and this has installed the perception of arrogance from the Americans in dealing with diplomatic issues  [4]  . These and other reasons make the United States Iraq war completely unjustified.

The Lieutenant in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

The Lieutenant in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   Iago, in the Bard’s tragedy Othello, detests in an irrational way the very person of Cassio. Does Michael Cassio deserve the governorship of the island of Cyprus? What is his relationship with Bianca? Let’s look at these and other questions relating to the lieutenant in this essay.    David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies concludes that it is the â€Å"daily beauty† in the life of the lieutenant which underlies the destructive behavior of the antagonist:    The â€Å"daily beauty† in Cassio’s life makes Iago feel â€Å"ugly† by comparison (5.1.19-20), engendering in Iago a profound sense of lack of worth from which he can temporarily find relief only by reducing Othello and others to his own miserable condition. He is adept at provoking self-hatred in others because he suffers from it himself. (223)    Blanche Coles in Shakespeare’s Four Giants comments on the character of Cassio:    In a casual reading of Othello, it may seem that the character of Cassio is not sufficiently well drawn, because, for reasons connected with his portrayal of Iago, Shakespeare delays the full characterization of Cassio until almost the end of the play. However, we have a number of brief revelations of his personality that mark him distinctly – in his genuine anxiety for Othello’s safety, in his abstaining from taking part in the bold and suggestive comments of Iago to the two women as they wait for Othello’s ship and, a little later, in his sincere regret about the loss of his reputation after he has partaken of the wine which Iago has forced upon him. (85-86)    Cassio makes his first appearance in the play in Act 1 Scene 2, when he is conducting the official business of the... ...– another emotional revelation for Michael Cassio. Finally, the ultimate emotional blow to the ex-officer comes when Othello stabs himself and dies: â€Å"This did I fear, but thought he had no weapon; / For he was great of heart.†    As â€Å"lord governor† of the island of Cyprus now, Michael Cassio has charge of the â€Å"censure of this hellish villain, / The time, the place, the torture.† Lodovico appeals to Cassio to let his justice, not his mercy prevail: â€Å"O, enforce it!†    WORKS CITED    Bevington, David, ed. William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies. New York: Bantam Books, 1980.    Coles, Blanche. Shakespeare’s Four Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire: Richard Smith Publisher, 1957.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Discrimination Against Women Essay

The status of women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few millennia. From equal status with men in ancient times through the low points of the medieval period,to the promotion of equal rights by many reformers, the history of women in India has been eventful. In modern India, women have adorned high offices in India including that of the President, Prime minister, Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Leader of the Opposition. As of 2011, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha (Lower House of the parliament) both are women. However, women in India continue to face discrimination and other social challenges and are often victims of abuse and violent crimes and, according to a global poll conducted by Thomson Reuters, India is the â€Å"fourth most dangerous country† in the world for women, and the worst country for women among the G20 countries. History Ancient India Scholars believe that in ancient India, the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life.[11] However, some others hold contrasting views.[12] Works by ancient Indian grammarians such as Patanjali and Katyayana suggest that women were educated in the early Vedic period[13][14] Rigvedic verses suggest that the women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their husband.[15] Scriptures such as Rig Veda and Upanishads mention several women sages and seers, notably Gargi and Maitreyi.[16] There are very few texts specifically dealing with the role of women;[17] an important exception is the Stri Dharma Paddhati of Tryambakayajvan, an official at Thanjavur around c.1730. The text compiles strictures on womenly behaviour dating back to the Apastamba sutra (c. 4th c. BCE).[18] The opening verse goes: mukhyo dharmaH smr^tiShu vihito bhartr^shushruShANam hi : women are enjoined to be of service to their husbands. Some kingdoms in the ancient India had traditions such as nagarvadhu (â€Å"bride of the city†). Women competed to win the coveted title of the nagarvadhu. Amrapali is the most famous example of a nagarvadhu. According to studies, women enjoyed equal status and rights during the early Vedic period.[19] However, later (approximately 500 B.C.), the status of women began to decline with the Smritis (esp. Manusmriti) and with the Islamic invasion of Babur and the Mughal empire and later Christianity curtailing women’s freedom and rights.[7] Although reformatory movements such as Jainism allowed women to be admitted to the religious order, by and large, the women in India faced confinement and restrictions.[19] The practice of child marriages is believed to have started from around sixth century.[20]

buy custom Diabetes in Children essay

buy custom Diabetes in Children essay Over the years up to date, there has been some research carried out on the cure and diagnostic of diabetes all over the world. Several attempts are being made to bring out the cure for this killer disease in the world that kills all people of all ages. There has been a research on how to improve on the degree of managing diabetes in young people due to inadequate childcare and health information. The research had to review current information about diabetes in children and young people. It also had to develop a diary of in order to monitor the glucose sample properly. Furthermore, the research had to verify the relevance of the current information pack in management of diabetes. Monitored dose description and adherence are maintained. A comparison and contrast of the new and current study pack will be done order to give a good pathway in the future for other researchers to base their findings. The research is a base for future research agenda based on the age appropriate child-centered information, across a range of conditions. The result of the research would be of high importance. It has incorporated all the major players in the health sectors. Exhaustive use of children, healthcare professionals and families at various level of their requirement provide a good platform for research. The findings will be able to help the clinical teams in managing of diabetes through relevant dissemination of drugs and dosage to young people. It will ensure that researchers ask children relevant questions during an examination. The findings will also help the nurses in ensuring that they use proper techniques in handling small and young people. Te findings will give valuable evidence on the process of measurement of the trials that could be used for future research work. The findings could also help young people to manage their health with or without their parents. The findings complement other children diabetes studies with other team findings. It will contribute to developing wider evidence base in the study and treatment of type 1 diabetes. Several plans laid to ensure that the research findings will come to be useful in future. Clinical trials underlined in the research will ensure that there is a well placed randomization service and data base management and development as per required by the research objectives. The research team had comprised of professionals. Everyone had experienced thorough research on the field of medicine. Team spirit played a major role in ensuring that the research was achievable. Every person had an idea from a different field. Communication between members was of high importance and everything is in order to facilitate the communication process. Members in the research team planned and accorded different roles and levels of work to maintain high quality research. There was a room of co-applicants in the research team to assist in the woork based on adequate ability. Supervision is carried either face-to-face on weekly and daily basis or through a website. This will be characterized by increased efficiency and effectiveness of the research work. There were also groups to ensure people work together. This also brought together other group leaders to ensure they offered their expertise during group meetings. The trial management and steering committee would often meet to guide the children, parents and health workers how to cope with the research in six months. The trial management committee also gave advice on other group members how to be relevant to the research. The work of data monitoring and evaluation committee is to ensure that data obtained is of high quality. It has to liaise with the adverse reports committee. Additional stakeholders incorporated to ensure constant advice from people who have worked with children and parents. The stakeholders ensured that the research is achievable and successful. All co-applicants contributed heavily in the laying down of research procedures. Most of the co-applicants had vast knowledge in the area of study and the entire research. Specialists in communication and children would ensure the development of information pack in terms of content and intellectual structure for dispatching to the media. The research based its findings and knowledge on various references. The well renowned books for study in the field of medicine and specifically in diabetes provide an amble platform for research. In this case, emphasis was based on children and young people since diabetes in children is the main objective of this study. Buy custom Diabetes in Children essay

It Outsourcing Essays - Outsourcing, Offshoring, Free Essays

It Outsourcing Essays - Outsourcing, Offshoring, Free Essays It Outsourcing INTRODUCTION Companies are increasingly outsourcing the management of information technology (IT) for reasons that include concern for cost and quality, lagging IT performance, supplier pressure, access to special technical and application skills, and other financial factors. The outsourcing solution is acceptable to large and small firms alike because strategic alliances are now more common and the IT environment is changing rapidly. REASON TO OUTSOURCE Although the mix of factors raising the possibility of outsourcing varies widely from one company to another, there are a series of themes that explain most of the pressures to outsource. First of all, general managers concerns about cost and quality drive outsourcing. The same issues such as getting existing services for a reduced price at acceptable quality standard came up repeatedly. Second, failure to meet service standards can force management to find other ways of achieving reliability. It is not atypical to find a company in which cumulative IT management neglect eventually culminated in an out-of-control situation the current IT department could not recover from. Management can see outsourcing as a way to fix a broken department. Third, a firm under intense cost or competitive pressures, which does not see IT as its core competence, may find outsourcing a way to delegate time-consuming, messy problems so it can focus scarce management time and energy on other differentiators. Next, several financial issues can make outsourcing appealing. One is the opportunity to liquidate the firms intangible IT asset, thus strengthening the balance sheet and avoiding a stream of sporadic capital investments in the future. Also, outsourcing can turn a largely fixed-cost business into one with variable costs. This is particularly important for firms whose activities vary widely in volume from one year to another or which face significant downsizing. THE BENEFITS FROM OUTSOURCING Outsourcing has identified numerous potential benefits. Financial benefits from outsourcing included rapid funding of new systems development and economies of scale and scope. As consolidate infrastructure through IT outsourcing, a firm can experience cost reductions in hardware and software licensing, facilities, and support headcount. Outsourcing, also, can capitalize on an outside vendors extensive IT problem solving knowledge. An outside vendor had the ability to get more of the technology that came out. They could spend money on investments that a company couldnt afford internally. That opens up a lot more avenues to future technologies. An outside vendor would manage the IT function more efficiently. A vendors main competency is managing computer systems. Through their skills, leverage, and economies of scale, they could provide a level of efficiency that could not be achieved at the outsourcer. Finally, Perhaps most important, outsourcing allow internal IT managers to focus on the development of a new IT infrastructure. Underlying the outsourcing effort is a fundamental strategy to offload legacy applications and operations so a firm could focus on developing new strategic application to support the global business processes, which were being reengineered. THE PROCESS OF OUTSOURCING There are many ways to manage IT outsourcing since every company has different culture, strategy, structure, people, and process. Also, many important issues such as structure, Information management operating processes, management processes, human

Discussion for online Economics class Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion for online Economics class - Article Example The current position of China in global economy has also contributed to the inelastic nature of its Australian mining sector. For instance, China is more concerned with economic domination rather than profits. Thus, China has vast interests in controlling the mining and energy sector, leading to the inelastic nature of mining. Unlike other commodity such as farm produce and manufactured goods, minerals are increasingly becoming scarce. This indicates that their economic value increase at a faster rate than their market value. For instance, the market price of a barrel of crude oil is much lower than its economic value. This indicates that demand for oil is not driven by the market value of the product but by its economic value. In a normal economy, a boom is followed by a bust. Currently the Pilbara Region is experiencing an economic boom and, producers are cautious about a possible economic bust. In order to protect themselves against such occurrences, production decisions are not b ased on income from mineral

Impact of Positive Airway Pressure Among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Essay

Impact of Positive Airway Pressure Among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients - Essay Example This amounted to a study population of 15,424 individuals, who were then followed for a minimum of 12 months and a baseline of 24 months to determine what if any health impact PAP might have been having on treatment. Of those participants, approximately ten percent did not use PAP while the remaining 90% did. Furthermore, the study designers controlled for previous illness by eliminating anyone who had a previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, to ensure that these results did not bias the sample. The study measured health effects by measuring the rates of hospitalization among those using PAP to those who were not. They measured this using two different metrics: total hospitalization and hospitalization related to OSA. OSA is associated with a wide number of illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, so any hospitalization for these reasons (which obviously constitute a large number of total hospitalizations) would be considered OSA related hospitalizations (1). The study found a statistically significant (p

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example For instance, many of the employees look demoralized in their activities as they feel devalued as their contributions in terms of input to the budget formulation does not matter (Zelman, McCue and Glick, 2009)). There is however one issue in particular I am interested in and would want you to clarify. Does your organization has a specific way of collecting employees, supervisors, and lower-level managers ideas or contributions to the budget? Does it happen during weekly meetings or do the employees forward their contributions or input to their supervisors who then forward it to the top managers? Martusciello, your post was interesting and I learnt a lot from your research. I had not imagined that a change in staffing matrix could be reason enough to deviate from a budget as you have noted in your post. It is true that when cases where some of the staff resigns or are on leave puts the management in a hard situation whereby they have to hire new employees temporarily. This according to Zelman, McCue and Glick (2009) translates to additional expenses as such expenditure in terms of salaries for the temporary staff is not initially planned. I also agree that unplanned situations such as an influx or surge in the number of patients could cause deviation from a budget. Your organization did the right thing to employ the additional eleven nurses to float to units. I am interested to know, did the surge in patients affect the nurses in any way in terms of burnout and elevated stress levels? Zelman, W., McCue, M., & Glick, N. (2009).Financial management of health care organizations: An introduction to fundamental tools, concepts, and applications(3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass. Retrieved from the Walden Library

Balanced Scorecard Essay Example for Free

Balanced Scorecard Essay Rivalry amongst competing firms – Apple is in the unique situation that it has its own proprietary operating system and only used by Apple. So although the competition is fierce for customers, it is a different type of battle for Apple than for others such as Samsung, Google or Microsoft. Apple does face stiff competition but it is in the battle for use-case preference. The Android or Windows OS is different than the Apple iOS and consumers make a choice as to which road they are going to go down. Apple is competing for winning this important thought process and decision-making process. They are not competing on hardware alone because Apple alone produces their products with their OS. The competition will continue for easily the foreseeable future, 10 years and beyond, as the world becomes more digitized. Force: Moderate Potential Entry of New Competitors – The barriers to entry in this industry are steep. Cost of production is very high for new entrants until significant economies of scale are reached. Over the next 10 years there will be many new entrants into the industry though either brand new, or companies already in similar technology markets that will branch out into markets that compete with Apple. Again, that would be a competition for OS preference, not hardware per se. There is always the possibility of an entirely new and 4th, or more, operating systems being developed as technology advances. Moore’s Law tells us this is likely but difficult to ascertain from where it will come, whether it will be significantly better than any existing, and if it will gain wide user acceptance. Force: Weak to Moderate Potential Development of substitute products – Again, since Apple has its own exclusive OS, substitute products are only a threat as being other choices of entirely different OS’s from Microsoft or Android producers, or any other possible future OS development. But Apple does not have any substitute for its own products. Force: Weak Bargaining Power of Buyers – Apple users tend to stay Apple users. Their loyalty is strong and they love Apple products. Apple charges a premium for its products but the image and allure of Apple products and their perceived high quality keep unit sales strong. Although technology economies of scale have certainly been reached in Apple production, they have continued to keep their products priced higher that competing products. Buyer choice based on price alone should affect growth amongst some new customer segments, but will have little effect on the current loyal Apple user base. Unless their products begin to lose some of their luster and appeal and effectiveness, they should remain strong for the future. Force: Weak Bargaining Power of Suppliers – With Apple’s exclusive product line and OS and the relatively small number of products, they are not threatened by supplier power. Apple can easily find factories more than willing to be a part of the Apple supply chain. As their products gain more market share and production increases, Apple is in an ideal situation to manage their suppliers effectively.

Software Project Management

Software Project Management Project Proposal Introduction The organization in which the project is to be carried out is ******** It is a multinational computer technology corporation, which is involved in developing, manufacturing, licensing and supporting a wide range of software products for computing devices. The vision of the company is to develop a workstation where the software runs onto every desk and sooner or later in every home. The company follows the principles and corporate code of conduct. The objective of the company is to delight its customers, employees and shareholders with the help of delivering advance technology. The company wants to enlarge its leadership in the field of manufacturing and technology. It wants to increase its profitability worldwide by satisfying the customer needs and wants to excel in customer orientation. Managers from Sales, Consulting and IT departments have identified a problem that has reduced productivity to unacceptable levels. The current email system is causing significant business interruptions and must be updated. The current system is disjointed and much of the technology is outdated. Name of the project and persons associated with project Name of the project: E-Mail System Up gradation, Expansion and Integration Project Proposer: The top authority person and the member from IT department are the proposers of the project. They provide policy definition to the Project team. They resolve all policy issues with the appropriate policy owners in order to provide a clear, decisive definition. They are the persons who make final decisions and resolves conflicts or issues regarding project expectations across organizational and functional areas (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Project sponsor: The project sponsors provide executive team approval and sponsorship for the project. Project Stakeholders: The project stakeholders include Sales, Consulting and IT department management leaders and end users. They are the key provider of requirements and recipient of project deliverable and associated benefits. The majority of stakeholders for this project will be agency heads (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Project Managers: ****** are the IT Department Head. They provide overall management to the project. They are accountable for establishing a Project Charter, developing and managing the work plan, securing appropriate resources and delegating the work and insuring successful completion of the project. All project team members report to the project manager (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Project team: The team will include 2 executives or support managers, 1 market analysts, 2 product designers and 1 financial manager. The project team members are involved in analyzing, designing and ultimately improving or replacing the business processes. Objective of the project The aims and objectives of the project are: To develop fast e-mail system in the company To expand the existing activities or production facilities. Avoidance of the delay, technical flaws and drawing defects (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Developing new servers, software and protocol in order to remain competitive Updating the technology and opening of additional accounts online. Proper tooling and techniques (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Proper control over chain reaction activities. To meet the changing demands of the customers (Ramaswamy Namakumari, 2007). To earn more revenues and profits. Project Deliverables A consolidated e-mail software and network which has upgraded and modernized servers, pertinent protocol, staff trained in new software, hardware and protocol, functioning system help desk, system commissioning report and stakeholder project sign off (Agarwal Mishra, 2007) Technical requirements for the standard of performance A comprehensive range of e-learning tools and a new Email Standards and Protocols would be established and training will be provided to all departments. All the current email users shall be converted into the new system, and 500 new users that did not have email before shall be added. The users would have both LAN and remote access to email. Some help desk and support infrastructure shall be set-up to accommodate the new system. The relevant equipment would be salvaged (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). The users’ PCs would be upgraded to accommodate the new email system. It is expected that implementation and successful completion of this project will reduce operational expenses and increase productivity to create a net value of $200,000 per year (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Major Milestones The milestones of this project include both the technical as well as the behavioral aspects like designing the up gradation project, selecting the team who needs to undergo this project, appointment of the team, which is responsible for the project and timely evaluation and assessment of the project (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Project scope The proposed project will completely consolidate the old systems, update hardware and greatly diminish time and work losses due to technical and procedural e-mail communication problems. This change is necessary for company to be sustainable, provide timely service to the customers and ultimately remain relevant in today’s competitive market Includes: 2500 identified end users from the 12 departments and offices will be provided with the equipments that can operate the new system. Training will be provided to the employees for the use of the new system and system protocols (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). All the 2500 users will be converted in to the new system. In this new system, there will be LAN and remote access will be offered to the users. The system will be set up by the support infrastructure and help desk. The system will function after upgrading the PC’s. Does Not Include: Accounts or training in excess of 2500 are not part of the scope of this project. This effort will not extend into other aspects of ACME, Inc.’s information systems but will be confined to the e-mail system solely. Project management, reporting and controlling In order to implement a project in a successful manner, able corporation should first select a project management team comprising of professionals such as engineers, technicians, managers and accountants with responsibilities in their respective fields. The team should be headed by a project manager with individuals within defined parameters to achieve a common goal, i.e. to complete the implementation within projected schedule, projected cost and deliver the project with defined quality(Agarwal Mishra, 2007). The team members have to report timely and directly to the project manager. Project overruns and project failure are due to the cumulative effects of a number of reasons. Thus, a manager has to play a significant role in completion of project. Project priorities The project aims to accomplish all the set objectives. However, it emphasizes on certain tasks on a priority basis like up gradation of the skills and knowledge of the trainees, reinforcement of the value and ethics of the organization, reviewing and evaluation of the existing work-patterns in the Able Corporation, minimization of the redundant practices in the organization, completion of the project within the scheduled time-frame and maintaining high-quality standards in the due course of the project. Resources Required: A variety of resources will be needed to implement the project of new product development. The main resources, which are considered in the project, are the financial resources and workforce or staff of the company. With the help of the team as well the staff, the project can be completed rapidly and before the decided duration (Resource consideration, 2008). The project can be successful only when a firm is capable of utilizing its limited economic resources optimally. For the completion of the project, it is necessary that the resources are fully allocated as they are limited (Resource consideration, 2008). Work Break down Structure The work breakdown structure (WBS) presents a systematic and logical breakdown of the project into its component parts. The company is facing decrease in the productivity levels due to problems in the email system. The email system used currently is causing interruptions and the technology has become obsolete. The email system should be updated in the organization. There are 500 new users who do not have accounts. This will require an additional investment. For making an effective communication process, the Able Corporation has to be technologically advanced (Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 2008). WBS in the email system project is broken into a logical series of smaller tasks, each of which is chosen for size and scope to fit it with the project management structure so that it can be subjected to efficient planning and execution (Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 2008). It is believed that during the process of e-mail system up gradation, the work of the project would be broken down and consequently integrated with the process of organizing the project. The organization of the project would be further broken down to the functional groups of the project team (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). In this case, the WBS would represent the division and sub-division of work to the level of work packages. Cost estimates It is estimated that the task of forming the project team, plan phase and project estimation would be completed in 4 days and would incur a cost of about $15,000. The selection of project staff for phase would be completed in a time of 7 days with an expenditure of $7,000. However, for securing the commitments for staff availability, it is estimated that a period of 5 days would be taken and nearly $1,000 would be incurred on this task (Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 2008). Near about 3 days would be required to complete the identification and allocation of management clerical overheads to the phase by incurring a cost of $7,000. In order to evaluate user system requirements, duration of 25 days would be required with an expenditure of $6,000. The task of Network suitability, test and changing the control procedures would prove to be detrimental for the final outcome and success of the project. As a result, a great deal of emphasis would be laid on this task in terms of time and money. It would thus require an extended period of 41 days and a heavy expenditure of $15,000. To develop the support infrastructure for the helpdesk, it is estimated that a period of 30 days would be sufficient with an expenditure of $22,000 (Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 2008). Thus, this task would also require significant attention from the people involved in the project. To complete the task of implementation, 10 days would be warranted with a cost of $15,000. Also, an expenditure of $10,000 would be incurred on salvaging the equipments in a period of 10 days. Finally, a time of 7 days would be required to deploy the e-mail systems by incurring a cost of $9,000. References Agarwal, N.P. Mishra, B.K. (2007) Project management (4th Edition). New Delhi: Ramesh Book Depot. Mathew, M.J. (2000). Sales Management and Sales Promotion (3rd Revised Edition), Jaipur: RBSA Publishers. Resource Considerations (2008) Retrieved May 29, 2008 from http://www.utexas.edu/computer/lrp/ch6_res.htm Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) (2008). Retrieved June 25, 2008 from http://www.hyperthot.com/pm_wbs.htm