Comparison of Meditations in Time of Civil War

Yeats implies that ownership is futile as, with the inevitability of death, comes the inevitability that one day ownership will be lost when-as Yeats puts it-â€Å"the [master is] ride†. The fact that â€Å"mice can play' once the â€Å"masters buried† brings together a new Idea of owning-or possessing-people and the Idea that through this ownership comes a hierarchy which leads to people being treated like â€Å"mice†. The fact that they can now â€Å"play†, now that the master has gone, Implies that the master oppressed them through his ownership of them. However this section of the poem where the â€Å"mice play† is linked to a previous section which talked of dreams.They are linked through rhyme. In the previous section, which starts â€Å"Mere dreams, mere dreams! And continues until â€Å"As if some marvelous empty sea-shell flung†, has the rhyming scheme A. B. A. B. A. The fact that Yeats has also given the section, that Includes the mice playing, the same rhyming scheme, Indicates that this Is a â€Å"mere dream† and that the ownership is still present and needs to be relinquished before they can play. Walcott in particular references the idea that-through the idea that one human owns another-the humanity and the rights of the owned human can be stripped away.This links to Walkout's main theme of the slave trade. The line â€Å"some slave is rotting in this manorial lake† shows this idea the best. By describing the lake as â€Å"manorial† Walcott has linked the ownership of the lake to the death of the slave and thus Implements the owners In the Implied crime. This could lead to the desire to renounce ownership of the lake so as to escape the implementations associated with it. The line: â€Å"protecting the great house/ from guilt† shows that with ownership comes the need for pride in possessions-also shown in the Yeats poem with the â€Å"escutcheon's ours†.However, Walcott also makes reference to the idea that the mice can play once the â€Å"masters buried†. Walcott has been described by critics as a â€Å"poetry pirate† from other poets and uses them for his own purposes. This is the most obvious way Walcott challenges the idea of ownership. He takes these lines-such as â€Å"Part of the continent, piece of the main†- and uses them ironically for his own meaning. It is often ironic as the original meaning of the lines is normally the opposite of what Walcott uses them for.This contrasts to Yeats-who implied that the idea that the mice can play is a dream-as Walkout's ‘poetry piracy is an example of the mice playing. Indeed it links with the Yeats line: â€Å"And maybe the great-grandson of that house†¦ ‘s but a mouse. † Walcott, a descendant of slaves, is this mouse and-by taking ownership of lines that others own-he is playing. This shows how the shackles of ownership, set upon the slaves in Walkout's p oem, have been relinquished by the inevitability of the loss of ownership and by â€Å"the leprosy of empire. †

European Factory Workers and Urban Artisans Essay

In the eighteenth century much of Europe was experiencing an industrial production, furthering toward a more industrial society. Many people were supporting the new society, while others were criticizing it. From 1845-1847 Europe was experiencing poor harvests, which caused the Irish famine. Irish peasants died from starvation, while others migrated. Artisans and factory workers were undergoing a process called proletarianization. It was where an owner would pay a wage and the worker would lose all ownership of production. If the factory ran smoothly, then it would be a better chance that the workers would have a safe workplace, but if that wasn’t the case then the workers may have to work in poor work conditions. Urban artisans experienced the process a little differently than the factory workers. Metal workers and craftsmen saw an increase in demand for their work. Artisans were working for masters, first as apprentices, then as journeymen. The master owned the equipment and the workers owned the small tools used. The journeymen would later become masters. The guild system allowed the factory to run smoothly. Liberals did not like the labor or guild systems and they tried to make them illegal. Masters were very competitive. They began to follow confection, which is where they make everything standard instead of individualistic. This made the artisan less valuable. Unskilled workers would come from the countryside to work. It became more difficult for journeymen to become masters, in turn artisans would become wage labors for life. Nineteenth-Century European Women Women in the Early Industrial Revolution The revolution had a great impact on the home and family life for women. Women could depend on the male’s wages. Children would follow the roles of their parents. This occurred within the middle and lower class families. Women were also allowed to work and make their own wages to support themselves if they had the desire to do so. The skills required to work were lowered when women started working. Textile production played a big role in the industrial revolution, so women were involved from the start. Women did the majority in the textile production until it was moved to factories, then the men replaced the women. In the 1820’s unmarried women rapidly became employed in factories. Most of the women working in factories were usually unmarried or widowed because it was less likely for them to become pregnant or get influenced by their husband to quit. At midcentury, the women accounted for less than half of all employment. In France, the working women continued to work on the land. In England, they were domestic servants. Women’s working conditions were almost always harsh and they were always exposed to exploitation. Social Disabilities Confronted by All Women During the early nineteenth century women suffered from social and legal property rights, family law, and education. By the end of the century improvements were being shown in those areas. Europeans were classified into ranks and women were inferior to men. In the late nineteenth century married women could finally own their own property in their own name. Women had no standing with the law. The reform of women’s property rights came slowly. By 1882 Great Britain allowed married women to own property. In France, a married woman could not even open a savings account in their name until 1895. In 1907, they were allowed to receive their own wages. In 1900 Germany allowed women to work without their husbands’ permission. Similar laws began to strike in Europe. The law also worked against women, for example legal codes made wives obey their husbands. The Napoleonic Code and the Roman law made women legal minors throughout Europe. Everything was more difficult for women including; divorce, keeping their children, contraception, and abortion. Women were controlled by men. Women had less access to education and they were only educated enough for the domestic careers that they were expected to follow. The percentage of illiterate women outnumbered that of women. The more professional education remained reserved for men until the third quarter of the century. Italian women had a better chance with education. Keeping women from school helped keep women out of social and economic events. School teaching became a profession for women. As things progressed women worked more and the jobs required little or no skill.

The Description of the Federal Reserve and Federal Open Market Committ Term Paper

The Description of the Federal Reserve and Federal Open Market Committee - Term Paper Example It has, therefore, maintained an inflation target of 2%, but it has been below the targeted value (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System). Fed is concerned of the level of inflation in the country. According to FOMC, the increase in the prices of oil has raised inflation and the expected inflation is targeted to be stable in the long run. To ensure that prices are stable, the Fed has to monitor the rate of inflation to minimize the general tendency of the price increase. The Federal Reserve aims to minimize unemployment by sustaining the current economic growth while maintaining stable prices. It achieves this by mopping out excess money supply when it purchases government securities and bonds. Moreover, Fed believes that unemployment challenges will be addressed by a comprehensive monetary policy. Through the open market operation, the Federal Reserve controls the buying and selling of securities by adjusting the interest rate. Increasing interest rate encourages people to buy while lowering discourages people to buy. However, in this scenario, the Fed has just used the mouth persuasion that it will buy mortgage-based securities and hold to long-term Treasury securities. In the ideal situation, Fed would have lowered the interest attached to these securities to ensure people sell back to avoid low return on investment. The Federal Reserve says that it will go on buying agency securities at a rate of $40 billion every month. This move helps in reducing the money supply from the housing sector to stabilize it after the collapse of the bubble in 2008. Moreover, the Fed aims to increase the grace period by which it holds treasury securities thereby decreases the frequency of injecting money to the economy. Fed also argues for reinventing agency debt along with mortgage securities. These measures Fed says are done to put prevent the rate of interest  rising thus helping the mortgage market and financial institutions.  

Identify Musical Ideas Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Identify Musical Ideas - Assignment Example The tune provided as the first idea is quite soulful and soft. Upon listening the first musical idea, i.e. A, it can be determined that counter time of the music was at 7th second of the beginning of the idea. Again, at the end time of the idea, the counter time was in the 14th minute. Similarly, for the musical idea of B, the first counter time, which was at the beginning of the idea is at 6th second while the counter time for the later end was at the 14th second (Connect for Education, â€Å"The Concepts of Unity and Variety†). To understand the process better, the letter of musical notation can be considered to be from A to G with the pitch being in ascending order from A to G. The musical letter for A can be in the form of A  ¶ D  ¶ E  ¶ F  ¶ B  ¶ E  ¶ F  ¶ G  ¶ B  ¶ A. Again, the musical letter for idea B can be in the form of A  ¶ D  ¶ E  ¶ F  ¶ A  ¶ D  ¶ G  ¶ A. The order of the first idea started from a low high but ended on a high note. Idea A stated from 2nd second and ended at 13th second. For idea 2, the pattern was low to high and it ended with high as well. For idea B, the starting point was 30th second and the ending point was 43rd second. The composer used timbre, which involves the use of different instruments for making the song while dynamics was used to present diverse level of volume (Connect for Education, â€Å"The Concepts of Unity and Variety†). Thus, as can be apparently observed, the components of the chorus, â€Å"Here the Conquring Hero Com es† can be observed as based on the philosophies of unity and variety, consoling the minds and the persona of the listeners as expected from a rich music as

Pledge of Allegiance and Freedom of Religion Essay

Pledge of Allegiance and Freedom of Religion - Essay Example He believed that the Pledge of Allegiance, due to the inclusion of the phrase â€Å"under one God† violated the Establishment Clause of the constitution that clearly states that Congress shall never enact any â€Å"law respecting the establishment of religion†. He believed that the phrase infringed on his right to raise his daughter based upon his personal religious beliefs. The United States Pledge of Allegiance does include a reference to â€Å"one God† in the latter part of the pledge and this is oftentimes challenged by others who misunderstand the reference to one god as an endorsement of a specific religion rather than a unifying statement meant to bring the country together, united under a belief that there is a God. Not that there is only one God being promoted as the sole religion of the nation. It is not possible for the people who wrote the pledge to endorse any single religion because of the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment. However, the United States is a country that was established upon many religious beliefs which helped unite the nation and our forebears wished to make reference to the same in the pledge. There was actually nothing political about it when the pledge was originally written. A political religious statement was the farthest thing from the minds of the authors of the pledge. Michael Newdow, the man who dog gedly pursued the case all the way to the United State Supreme Court was the non custodial father of a daughter who attended school in the Elk Grove Unified School District. It was his belief that the pledge violated his right to educate his child in the religion of his belief which is why he pursued an Establishment Clause argument against the phrase he deemed offensive to himself and his beliefs. Unlucky for him, both the lower courts and the U.S. Supreme Court did not find any reason to side with him in their rulings. He failed in all 3 of his attempts to pursue the case. It was the decision of the Supreme Court that the phrase â€Å"one nation under God† could not be challenged (â€Å"Court Dismisses Pledge Suit†) even while not clearly defining the separation between church and state. One of the reasons that Newdow lost his case was because he was not the legal guardian of his daughter. His ex-wife had sole legal custody of the child which also covered the decisio n as to where and how she would be attending school. As such, he did not have any legal authority on behalf of his daughter to file suit against the school district. It was the opinion of the court that the children who recite the Pledge of Allegiance do so without any violation to the U.S constitution. The judges who favored this ruling include Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, Sandra Day O'Connor, and Clarence Thomas. The Establishment Clause is one part of the U.S Constitution that often comes under fire from the atheists and other religious groups because of their belief that Congress often tries to force religion upon people even though the First Amendment clearly states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of a religion.† That is why under the Establishment Clause, there are provisions that prohibit the establishment of a national religion by Congress and does not allow the U.S. government to have a preference for one religion over anothe r. This is the point where misinterpretations often occur. There is a common misinterpretation that the Pledge of Allegiance promotes Christianity. That is because our constitution was founded upon the Christian principles that existed during that time. As such, most of the policies from that era reflect that belief. But the pledge does not specifically make mention of a â€Å"Christian God†

Movers and Shakers in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movers and Shakers in Education - Essay Example Socrates believed in pursuit of the facts and truth. He campaigned for a liberal education in order to arrive at this truth. He was a proponent of the academic freedom. This concept is still enshrined in higher learning institutions nowadays in American education. The Socratic Method, which is a dialogue based technique of teaching, forces learners to think critically as well as deeply. It was and still is the best technique to test and teach students (Socrates 2). Socrates symbolized excellence teaching and an ideal tutor. He once stated that there is no worth of living a life that has not been examined. Socrates lived through scientific explosions and intellectual knowledge. He witnessed the development of architectural splendor as well as unrivaled theater. Interpretation of the beliefs of Socrates and his contribution to educational thought was hampered by the abundance of writings whereby he had the leading role, but not a paucity of evidence. Some of these writings included dia logues by Xenophon and the Isocrates. He also had the Evidence from Aristotle and Early Dialogues of Plato (Socrates 2). Plato’s early dialogue was the most intellectual challenging writing and it is due to this fact that it was regarded an educational ideal for so many years. Though he never propounded a theory or doctrine, his impact on education is notable and significant. First, the technique that was his trademark for performing dialectical exchanges with the interlocutors and outdoing them in verbal contest has occupied its place among the learning methods as the Socratic teaching technique in today’s American education. This method is not only a technique of defeating opponents in a verbal contest but also a way of motivating interlocutors to scrutinize their sincerely held moral doctrines and beliefs (Socrates 3). Secondly, rather than placing education as a method of acquiring skills and information, he makes virtue the main aim of education. He indicates that it is not necessarily right to base a virtuous life on such things as habit, the didactic lectures of teachers or the unthinking approval of the societal values. Teachers lecturing and the students passively gaining knowledge would not affect the human soul on its own. To emphasize this rejection of the teacher-centered form of education, he declares that he is not a teacher (Socrates 3). Socrates was reluctant to accept official learners or receive any form of payment from the interlocutors. He advocated for knowledge that would help people attain a good and virtuous life. He ranked success and honor to be the initial requirements, then pleasure and thirdly, knowledge. He states that knowledge is the only thing that guarantees happiness. He asserts that virtue is knowledge (Socrates 4). Desiderius Erasmus on the other hand, was an influential humanist of the Renaissance. He widely influenced the children’s proclivity towards education especially in their tender age. He left human nature’s scientific inquiry and promoted teaching students important matters of life via literature. He also stressed the significance of a good teacher. He stated that the tutors should not be restricted by dogmatic interests ,instead they should have a wide outlook as well as knowledge base (Desiderius 3). This Desiderius’

Math Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Math - Essay Example In other words, they are positively correlated. However, it is important to note that some of the data indicate that at some levels of income ($ 52,000 and $ 66,000), the amount spent on cars decrease when compared to lower levels ($ 38,000 and $ 40,000). There are a few more values which differ from the rest. However, most of the data indicate that the relationship is positive. The Correlation coefficient is positive confirming the positive association between the two variables. Also, the value of the coefficient is 0.89 which indicates a strong relationship between the two variables. B. What is the direction of causality in this relationship - i.e. does having a more expensive car make you earn more money, or does earning more money make you spend more on your car? In other words, define one of these variables as your dependent variable (Y) and one as your independent variable (X). In order to identify the direction of causality, the two variables are analyzed objectively. When a person spends more money on the car, it does not have any effect on his income. Hence it is evident that the amount spent on the car does not affect or have an influence on the annual income of the person. However, when a person’s annual income increases, he is more likely to spend higher on the car. In other words, annual income is the cause and the amount spent on car is the effect. Hence the annual income is the independent variable (X) and the amount spent on the car is the dependent variable (Y). The amount spent on the car (Y) depends on the annual income (X). C. What method do you think would be best for testing the relationship between your dependent and independent variable, ANOVA or regression? Explain your reasoning thoroughly with a discussion of both methods. Correlation establishes the association between two variables, however does not indicate the direction of causation

Performance Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Performance Management - Coursework Example Various situations have been considered while making the research and a suggestive appraisal form has been framed for implementing in the company. The paper has distinctively two parts. The first part deals with a theoretical review of performance appraisal and the second part deals with alignment of the theories with the practical implications and its effects. The design of the suggested performance appraisal form has been explained in brief. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Part 1 – Critical Academic Discussion 6 Performance Management System – A Theoretical Overview 6 360 Degree Appraisal Method 8 The Way 360 Degree Appraisal Differs from the Other Appraisal Systems 9 Advantages of 360 Degree Appraisal 10 Disadvantages of 360 Degree Appraisal Method 11 A Successful 360 Degree Appraisal 12 Part 2 – Client Report 13 About the Company 13 Importance of Performance Management in Healthcare Industry 14 Prerequisites of Performance Management System in Healthcar e Sector 15 Performance Management for Bromley Healthcare 16 Conclusion 21 Self–Learning Analysis 22 References 23 Bibliography 26 Appendix 27 Introduction Performance is completion of assigned task that is measured against the set standards of perfection and cost. A good performance is the one that meets the set standards and caters to a cost effective completion of the task. In context of an organisation, where an employer – employee relationship exists, the performances of the employees are constantly monitored to ensure a timely completion of the tasks which can result in overall success related to the business unit (Pulakos, 2004). Performance management typically relates to the development of human resource of an organisation by appraisal of their performance. The performance management system can be termed as â€Å"Achilles’ heel† of the whole human resource system. The employees employed in an organization need to be enlightened about the objectiv es of the enterprise and an alignment to these objectives on the part of the employees would lead to achievement of the overall success of the company. Implementation of performance management system helps to measure the achievement of organizational strategy (Pulakos, 2004). Elaborately, a performance management system may be defined as a continuous process identifying the performances of the employees, measuring these performances using various methods and tools, developing the downsides of individual performance and finally aligning the same with the organization’s strategic goals (Health Service Executive, n.d.). Performance appraisal is the activity catering to the formation of performance management system as a whole. There are various performance appraisal systems available globally to measure the performance of any individual. A performance management system considers the various strategic planning initiatives of the organization, it follows an ongoing feedback proces s in order to facilitate the employees develop their performance and the whole process is driven by the line managers of the company (Health Service Executive, n.d.). Among the various methods available for appraising the performance of individuals, this paper intends to shed some light on the 360 degree performance appraisal method and its implications within an organization named Bromley Healthcare on practical basis. Part–2 of this paper deals with the implementation of the 360 degree appraisal method, for all

Business Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Logistics - Essay Example Among its many achievements, the company boasts of being the largest employer in the industry it operates in besides being a leader in the area of research and development judging by the nature of investment it has made in the recent past. Moreover, Jaguar is also one of the leading exporters of manufactured vehicles from the United Kingdom with the company claiming an 80% stake in the country. Some of the major world destinations its brands have been exported to include China, the United States, Germany, Russia and Italy. The company has seen many changes and since the year 2008, it has come to be owned by Tata Motors Limited. Its strategic approach has been based on a sustainable development policy, which has meant that the company has to integrate its strategic decision making with the goal of remaining responsible and ethical to all stakeholders and the society as well as the environment affected by its operations. On the financial front, the company’s overall results have remained impressive with the group announcing a pre-tax profit of  £ 1,507 million in March 2012 (Jaguar Land Rover 2012). In the area of logistics, the company has been on a massive expansion and therefore the scope of its operations has diversified in the recent years. To sum up the extent of its operations, the automotive giant has three manufacturing plants in the United Kingdom in addition to its two product development sites. The company’s investment portfolio therefore requires that it is able to appropria tely manage its process flows and integrate modern logistic concepts in its day-to-day operations so that it remains to be a leader in the industry. To begin, it is important that we examine the existing operational flows in the company. With competition and technological advancement the key drivers, most manufacturing firms in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the

What did i learned from this class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What did i learned from this class - Essay Example It is important to note that different people have different forms and styles of leadership which are based on unique aspects. These help them to address the immediate or contemporary society and to ensure that the organization they are in is able to achieve its set objectives. Dealing with the junior staff or the employees in an organization is never an easy task if the leader who is bestowed with the responsibility of overlooking their activities is not competent. Many leaders result to intimidation as a way of passing their ideologies to the juniors. On the other hand great leaders engage the people they are administrating and get to learn their characters. Having done that it is increasingly easy to know the best way to approach different situations without causing much anticipation or havoc in the organization. Another thing that many leaders fail in handling is change. When one is transferred to a new environment and give a leadership position, it is important to survey the environment and know how they live before imposing new rules that may face much unimportant resistance that could have been avoided in the first place. This work will therefore look at the aspects of leadership learnt in this course and how one can develop his leadership skills to become a good leader in the future. In this course I have learnt the following leadership traits that a good leader should have. Some leadership are born with some traits while other develop them in the course of their lives. The best thing is to be ready to learn and be corrected whether in power or not. A leader should be aware of the environment he is working in. When one assumes the leadership position in a given organization, the first thing is to understand his roles. There his roles to the management and his roles to the employees who will be looking up to him. The responsibility and task of ensuring that things run well in the

Service description Essay Example for Free

Service description Essay Excel Hygiene’s services are planned around 2 major categories: Cleaning and Waste Management. Cleaning is sub-divided in to pathogen removal, and pest management. Waste Management is sub-divided in to on-site and off-site operations. This service structure is designed to meet all surveyed customer requirements, and equals the broadest service range offered by any of the major competitors in the segment. All services will not be relevant for each site, but the range will support the positioning of the company has a single-window service for all cleaning and waste disposal needs. However, waste operations will be limited to bio-medical materials which cannot be placed in normal collection areas, or allowed to enter sewage systems. Similarly, cleaning will be restricted to keeping pathogens below infectious levels. Cleaning in the lay sense of the term will not be taken in to contracts because of the low value addition and non-specialized nature of the work. Excel Hygiene will offer service guarantees in terms of time and quality. This means that crews will visit sites at agreed frequencies. Operations will conform to regulations for bio-medical waste and will meet infection control norms. The latter can be confirmed by independent microbiology tests on ambient air, water, surfaces, and organic materials. Microbiology for culture preservation, chemical sourcing, algorithm development, technical audit, and franchise development will be in-house functions. Treatment operations, off-site incineration and compacting, and operation validation will be outsourced to trained franchisees and to independent microbiology laboratories. This division of labor will serve to protect the new company’s proprietary bacterial cultures, and will reassure customers about the effects of treatment at the same time. Management Structure Excel Hygiene has been established as a closely held private company. 90% of the paid-up equity has been provided by venture capitalists, which have also provided guarantees and collateral for long-term loans and revolving working capital funds. 10% of the equity has been furnished from the savings of the executive team, and they have equity rights from their shares of projected profits, to the extent of another 10% of the ownership. Therefore, the long term ownership will reside to the extent of 20% with the founding executives, while 80% will be held by venture capitalists. The latter are bound to hold their investments for at least 5 years after start-up. The company may list on a stock exchange after this first period. Only one of the founding executives has a qualification in Business Management, so she will function as the Chief Executive Officer of Excel Hygiene. The venture capitalists will have the right to nominate a person from their organization to head Management Services, which will include all Finance and Accounting functions. Objectives and Goals To launch a new bacterial based technology for management of bio-medical wastes To introduce novel infection control technology in health care settings, to provide alternatives for presently use of toxic chemicals. To offer comprehensive, reliable, and quality cleaning and waste management services to the best health acre institutions in a defined geographical area. To generate high margins for capital pay back in less than 5 years. To attain a relevant market segment share of 1%.

Moral Mutation and the apocalyptic future Essay Example for Free

Moral Mutation and the apocalyptic future Essay The two texts, the film and the book, were set in a post-Hiroshima world where arsenals were being further improved to generate a more efficient way to participate in warfare and be the leader in these developments. By lumping two stories together in an analysis, it is inevitable for traits to be observed in the chosen texts. Dewey in his analysis of Cat’s Cradle described Dr. Hoenikker as a â€Å"man-child curiously unfamiliar with concepts such as sin and God† (57). He then identified in the doctor a â€Å"moral mutation who believes with Faustian pride that humanity can manipulate, dominate, even annihilate nature† (57). When the Russians and the Americans in Dr. Strangelove developed their own military hardware in order to upstage the enemy and scare them into submission they demonstrated the characteristics of this mutation. Because of the belief that man can dominate nature, these weapons were made to possess qualities that rivalled the greatest strength of the natural world. Hence, should the enemy ever attack, they could immediately launch a counter-attack and prove their superiority. The will to dominate and annihilate nature is not the only characteristic of this moral mutation. Egocentrism plays a focal point in this mutation, for it fuels the foolishness of the characters and magnifies their ignorance. Dr. Hoenikker announced that he saw himself as a child that allowed curiosity to get the better of him and strove to study anything that caught his interest. All his studies he did for himself and he seemed to have no regard for others: he did not take good care of his wife who turned her back on everything for him; he pulled out Angela from school because he wanted someone to take care of him; and he never considered the effects of his inventions, he saw them only as playthings and never thought of the consequences that will affect the lives of millions of people. Westfahl interprets this as a jab at notion that the scientist can be relieved of responsibility in developing such instruments because he is only interested in science and not in wealth and fame (957). After his death, his children distributed the ice-nine between themselves, as he had neglected to keep such a dangerous substance in an appropriate place. The children used the seed crystal to suit their own wants, provided warring powers with the weapon and caused the apocalypse. General Jack D. Ripper acts as the Dr. Hoenikker of Dr. Strangelove. He allowed a theory that he had formed out of sexual fatigue to dictate his decisions as a general; he was too confident in his analysis of the situation and stubbornly stood by his actions, not bothering to consult with other officials. In the last stages before the explosions, he never checked on how the people around him were doing and only worried of what will become of him should his building be stormed and his enemies come after him. In the end, he chose to save himself rather than face the consequences of his actions. The two texts present the end of the world in a manner of a ticking bomb. The countdown in Cat’s Cradle starts after the reader is made aware that the events presented lead to the unfortunate end. In Dr. Strangelove, the countdown is in the form of time-measure; the length of time it would take for the B-52s to reach their targets thus activating the doomsday device. Looking at the two texts, the direct causes of the end of the world stand on a far distance from the other. Dr. Strangelove’s tension before the cataclysm was between two world powers, and elements that sprout from this tension eventually sprouted the doom. The film’s end was caused by the actions of people and abrupt: showing only scenes of the bomb explosions but none of what happened after. Perhaps this hinted that nothing survived after the event and it was truly the there were no more stories to tell. In Cat’s Cradle, what caused the end was the body of a dictator of a small island which nobody wanted to rule. The narrator believed that this was destined and all that he experienced were pointing to that event and to his destiny after the apocalypse. As he still had something to accomplish after the ice-nine incident, Jonah kept accounts of what had happened up until the point he meets Bokonon face to face. The two texts tackle different viewpoints regarding scientific development and the participation of people in history. The suggestions and portrayals of Cat’s Cradle may not completely coincide with those of Dr. Strangelove’s, but similarities still exist between the two texts. Dewey, Joseph. In a dark time: the apocalyptic temper in the American novel of the nuclear age. Indiana: Purdue University Press. 1990. Dr Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb . Dir. Stanley Kubrick. Perf. Peter Sellers, George C. Scott, Slim Pickens, Sterling Hayden, James Earl Jones. 1964. DVD. Columbia Pictures, 2004. mininova. Cat’s Cradle. 1 June 2009. http://www. mininova. org/tor/1359220 Westfahl, Gary. The Greenwood encyclopedia of science fiction and fantasy: themes, works, and wonders. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. 2005.

Vodafone Group Management of Market Risks

Vodafone Group Management of Market Risks What is the role played by options, futures and forward contracts in managing market risks? The research critically analyzes this through the case study of Vodafone Group Plc. It first identifies the various factors that determine these risks since market risk includes different types of risks like commodity price risks, interest rate fluctuations risks and currency risks. Through the case study, it further aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using above derivatives, in managing market risks. By considering the portfolio of company designed to hedge a particular amount of risk; the research also aims to critically evaluate the individual contributions of each of the above in risk management and also of the portfolio as whole. Introduction: Oxford dictionary defines risk as a situation involving exposure to danger or expose (someone or something valued) to danger, harm, or loss (Oxford Dictionary). For a business entity Risks are connected to possible uncertainties that can result in negative effect on the entity. With the emergence of World Markets and various types of risks, risk management has become an integrated part of firms today. Different types of risks require different methods to handle, prevent or sometimes to absorb and benefit from risks. The downfall of risks has always been highlighted however they do have some arbitrage that results in potential gains. The Basel Committee that was formed in 1974 laid the regulatory framework for Financial Risk Management. (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts, 2005). Basel II (2001) defines Financial Risk Management to be formed of 4 steps: identification of risks into market, credit, operational and other risks; assessment of risks using data and risk model; monitoring and reporting of risk assessments on a timely basis and controlling these identified risks by senior management.'(Alexander, 2005). It thus determines the probability of a negative event taking place and its effects on the entity. Once identified risk can be treated in following manners: Eliminated altogether by simple business practices. These are the risks that are detrimental to the business entity. Transferred to other participants. Actively managed at firm level. (Alexander, 1996). The risks basically depend on the time value of assets. Moreover with the increased level of multinational functioning of business entities and the highly volatile nature of markets, risk management has now become a critical part of running the business. It therefore becomes essential to understand as well as analyze the various factors that determine risks and the preventive measures implemented against them. Also the hedging techniques being considered do not always ensure profits. The research would thereby include a detail study of the effectiveness of the methods implemented. One more important factor is the cost incurred. Risk management incurs certain costs and the process would therefore prove to be futile if the costs incurred don’t offer proportionally benefits. Literature Review: Market Risk constitutes of commodity risk, interest risk and currency risks. Commodity price risk includes the potential change in the price of a commodity. The rising or falling commodity prices affect the producers, traders and the end-users of the various commodities. Moreover if they are traded in foreign currency, there arises the risk of currency exchange rate. These are normally hedged by offering forward or future contracts at fixed rates. This is especially important for commodities like oil, natural gas, gold, electricity etc whose prices are highly volatile in nature. (Berk and Demarzo, 2010) Interest Risk relates to the change in interest rates of bonds, stocks or loans. A rising rate of interest would effectively reduce the price of a bond. Increased interest rates result in increasing the borrowing costs of the firm and thereby reduce its profitability. It is hedged by swaps or by investing in short term securities. Currency risks arise from the exceedingly volatile exchange rates between the currencies of different countries. For e.g. Airbus, an aircraft manufacturing company based in France requires oil for its production. Oil being traded in US dollars and the company doing trading in Euros, has a foreign exchange risk. It would be therefore beneficial for Airbus to enter a forward contract with its oil suppliers. Options are another way of hedging against currency risks. (Berk and Demarzo, 2010). Forward contracts, Futures and Options are called the Financial Derivatives and are used largely to reduce market risks. Walsh David (1995) explains that if two securities have same payoffs in future, they must have same price today. Thus the value of a derivative moves in the same way as that of underlying asset. This is called arbitrage. Hedging of risks is nothing but the holder of an asset has two positions in opposite directions. One is of the derivative and opposite position is on the under-lying asset respectively. As such if the value if the asset decreases then value of the derivative will also decrease. But the change in value is off-set by the opposite positions to each other. Thus risk is reduced. This is called hedging. Long Hedge refers when an investor anticipates increase in market price and therefore buys future contracts. Short Hedge is when an investor already has a futures contract and expects the value of asset to fall and therefore sells it beforehand. (Dubofsky and Miller, 2003) Long Hedge Short Hedge Change in value of position Change in price Change in value of position Change in price Fig.1 Hedging (Dubofsky, D and Miller, T. Jr. 2003) Forward Contracts- These involve buying or selling specific asset at a specific price at a specified time. It is basically a contract between two parties to trade a particular commodity or asset at a particular rate on a specified time. The buyer is said to be in ‘long position’ while the seller hols the ‘short position’. These are Over the Counter (OTC) Derivatives. These are used for locking-in the price and require no cash transfers in the beginning, thereby involve credit risks. Their main feature is the flexibility as forward contracts can be tailored as per the requirements of the traders. They are typically used to hedge the exchange rate risks. (Claessens, 1993) Futures- These are more standardized than the Forward contracts. They are traded at Foreign Exchanges. The standardized contract specifying the asset, price and delivery time is either bought or sold through broker. The delivery price depends on market and determined by the exchange. The default risk in futures is minimized due to clearinghouse. It acts as centred party and does the ‘marking to market’ of traders’ account; by doing profit-loss calculations daily. Initial margin amount is required and futures hence involve margin calls. Minimum credit risk is involved; but being standardized contracts, these cannot be tailored to individual demands. (Hinkelmann and  Swidler, 2004). Futures could be contracts on real assets for e.g. gold, oil, corn etc. or they could also be contracts of financial nature for e.g. currency, interest rates etc. (Tamiso and Freedman, 1995). Fig.2: Hedging through Futures. (Walsh, D. 1995) Options- The holder can buy from or sell to, the asset at a strike rate at a future maturity date. However the holder of the option has no moral obligation to do so. The cost of buying the option involves a premium which is to be paid up front. The option that enables the holder to buy an asset is called Call option while in Put option the holder is able to sell the asset. (Claessens, 1993) These can be bought Over the Counter (OTC) at a bank or can be exchange traded options. An American option could be exercised at any time before it expires. On the contrary, a European option has to be exercised on maturity. Option is normally executed when its strike price is less than price of the stock. However, is the price of the stock is less than the strike price; the holder will not execute the option. Black and Scholes (1973) gave the formula to determine the price of a European option. According to the formula, the value of Call option is given by: where The value of Put option is given by: P = Ke-r (T-t) – S + C = N(-d2) Ke-r (T-t) – N(-d1) S. Where N (.) is a cumulative normal distribution function s- standard deviation of the share price, rf- risk-free interest rate per annum and t- time to expiry (in years). The above formula, also known as the Black-Scholes option pricing model; is based on the assumptions that the stock doesn’t pay any dividends, it is possible to buy or sell even a single share, there are no costs incurred in these transactions and that arbitrage opportunity doesn’t exist. According to Black and Scholes (1973), the option value as a function of the stock price is independent of the expected return of the stock. The expected return of the option, however, will depend upon the expected return of the stock. Hence as the price of underlying asset increases, the price of option will also increase owing to their linear relationship. Black and Scholes (1972) further carried on various empirical tests to validity of the formula. They observed that price paid by the buyers of the option was higher than that shown by the formula. This was mainly because the transaction costs that are incurred are always paid by the buyers of the options. These costs were found to be high for options of high risks and vice-versa. The sellers of options thus got the price that was predicted by the formula. The case study would make use of this formula to determine the value of options held by the company. Walsh David (1995) explains that options have a non-linear relation with payoff. Its payoff increases with the price of the asset if it is in-the-money and has a constant payoff which is the option premium if it is out-of-the-money. On the contrary, futures and forward contracts have a linear relation with the payoffs in both, profit as well as loss. Therefore options might be preferred over futures and forwards for hedging. He further highlights the difference between hedging through futures and forward contracts. While in forward contracts, the company merely sets up a rate for future trading, it doesn’t involve any monetary transfer. Futures however make use of margin account and marking to market is done daily. Hence the results of futures over their time span vary greatly with those of forward contracts. Hence the individual contributions of each to risk management would be calculated during the research. The case study would also include a study the similarities and diff erences in futures, forward contracts and options and their individual effects on risk management. Data and Methodology: Objectives: The research aims to: Increase the understanding of the factors that determine market risks. Understand the haven provided by financial derivatives against these risks. Have a clear understanding of the methods or risk management techniques. Understand the process of risk management. Understand the intricacies of derivative markets. Data and Methodology: The Research is essentially a case study of Vodafone Group Plc. Primary data would include the information of the forward contracts with service providers, options and futures of the company in the market. Secondary data would be Qualitative in nature, comprising online journals, relative case studies and books. The research would be carried out in the following steps: Depending upon the nature of company, determine that factors that would affect the risk faced by the company. Evaluate the percentage of risk faced by the company. Determine the amount of this risk, which the company would want to hedge. The data would then be utilised to determine the amount of risk hedged by each of the above and then determine the total risk hedged by portfolio as whole. Calculate the cost of hedging the risk. Compare and contrast the findings with the defined ‘Effective Risk Management.’ Critically analyze the results. Suggest improvements if any, in the portfolio. Calculate the risk hedged with the suggested changes. Proposed Timetable: Date Activity 6th May, 2011 Submission of final proposal (By) 20th June, 2011 Collection of data as required by case study and start working on calculations. 1st July, 2011 Define the parameters for ‘effective risk management’ and complete calculations. Complete the initial declaration pages of report. 15th July, 2011 Complete the literature review pertaining to case study. Finish report writing till that part. (up to 5000 words) 1st August, 2011 Compare and contrast the findings to the established parameters. Evaluate results. Some more relative literature review. 15th August, 2011 Finish writing the calculations, explaining results. Complete up to 10,000 words of report. 1st September, 2011 Complete the report and submit the first draft for feedback. 15th September, 2011 Redraft using the suggested changes. Final draft for submission 19th September, 2011 Final submission of the report. REFERENCES Alexander, C. (1996). The Handbook of Risk Management and Analysis. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Alexander, C. (2005). ‘The Present and Future of Financial Risk Management.’ Journal of Financial Econometrics, 3 (1), pp. 3-25. JSTOR (Online). Available at http://jfec.oxfordjournals.org/ (Accessed: 8th March, 2011). Berk, J and Demarzo, P. (2010). Corporate Finance. 2nd edn. Boston: Pearson. Black, F. and Scholes, M. (May Jun., 1973). ‘The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities.’ The Journal of Political Economy.81 (3) pp. 637-654. JSTOR (Online). Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1831029.pdf?acceptTC=true (Accessed: 5th May, 2011). Black, F. and Scholes, M. (May 1972). ‘The Valuation of Option Contracts and a Test of Market Efficiency.’ The Journal of Finance.27 (2) pp 399-417. JSTOR (Online). Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2978484 (Accessed: 5th May, 2011). Claessens, S (1993). World Bank Technical Paper no 235.Washington DC: The World Bank. Dubofsky, D and Miller, T. Jr. (2003). Derivatives: Valuation and Risk Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hinkelmann, C  Ã‚  Swidler, S.  (2004). ‘Using futures contracts to hedge macroeconomic risk in the public sector.’ Derivatives Use, Trading Regulation.  10(1),  pp. 54-69. ABI/INFORM Global (Online) available at http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0did=679304171SrchMode=2sid=1Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1304643921clientId=18060 (Accessed: 21st March, 2011). McNeil, A.J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2005) Quantitative Risk Management. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. Oxford Dictionary (Online) available at http://oxforddictionaries.com/?attempted=true (Accessed: 21st March, 2011). Tamiso, R. Freedman, R. (1995). ‘Confronting Uncertainty: Intelligent Risk Management with Futures.’ Artificial Intelligence in the Capital Markets: State-of-the-Art Applications for Institutional Investors, Bankers and Traders, Probus Publishing, Chicago. pp. 209-222. Available at http://www.inductive.com/RMR-FUT.pdf . (Accessed: 4th May, 2011). Walsh, David.   (1995). ‘Risk management using derivative securities.’  Managerial Finance.  21(1),  pp. 43. ABI/INFORM Global (Online).  Available at http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060 (Accessed: 27th March, 2011).

How Does the Tell Tale Heart Fulfil Your Expectations of A Gothic Essay

How Does the Tell Tale Heart Fulfil Your Expectations of A Gothic Story? From a gothic story such as the tell tale heart, by Edgar Allan Poe, I expect numerous amounts of gory deaths, intense suspense, hideous horror, plently of fear and espically paranoia. They should also contain a variety of literacy techniques including imagery, sentence structure, punctation and repititation in my essay I will be focusing on the amounts of death, horror, fear, suspense and the amount of literacy techniques used throughout the story. Edgar Allan Poe uses a lot of suspense in the Tell Tale Heart. To increase the effect the suspense he incorprates it with literacy techniques. One example of mixing literacty techniques with suspense is when Edgar Allan Poe uses imagery to descirbe the man creeping into the old mans bedroom when the old man wakes up. ‘I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in bed, crying out --"Who's there?" I kept quite still and said nothing. For a whole hour, I did not mo...

Courage Shown In The Book To K :: essays research papers

Courage Shown In The Novel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do you think that courage is an important part of a novel? Well in the book, To Kill A Mockingbird, much courage was shown. Courage is standing up for what you believe in, or doing something that is hard and takes many obstacles to overcome, or can be as little as saying, â€Å"No† to someone. Atticus, Jem, and Boo showed much courage in the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, one of the main characters, Atticus, showed much courage. The first thing in the book that shows it is what he did to a tradition in his family. For many years the Finch family had a custom that the oldest one would stay on the land. Atticus didn’t want to and broke a family tradition that was kept for a long time. I know that I wouldn’t be able to have that much courage to break a tradition that was kept in my family for that long. Another way that Atticus shows courage is by defending Tom Robinson. No other man in Maycomb would defend him. Atticus stood up for what he believed in, and did the right thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also, Jem shows a lot of courage throughout the novel. He was the one that touched Boo’s house and also went to his house late at night to go to the Radley’s house. He also read for one of the meanest people in Maycomb, Mrs. Dubose. Even though it was a punishment to make him read to her, he could have been miserable about it. After a while though he thought it wasn’t to bad. He was reading to the meanest person, and doing it with no complaints, after a little. He also shows a lot of courage by going to the trial of Tom Robinson with Scout and Dill. He knew that he wasn’t supposed to go to it but did anyway, because he wanted to see what it was like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, Boo Radley showed the most courage, in my point of view. When he went out that night to save Scout and Jem from Bob Ewell, it was the first time in a long time that anyone has saw his face. Also, I think that he

The Events Preceding the Movement of the Asiatic People into Europe :: Asian History Mongols Osmanli Turks Essays

The Events Preceding the Movement of the Asiatic People into Europe In order to discuss the movements of Asiatic peoples into Europe from the first inroad of the Huns to the conquests of the Osmanli Turks in the sixteenth century, it will be necessary to review briefly the events in central and eastern Asia which preceded and precipitated these incursions. From the time that the Irano-Aryan ancestors had arrived in Russian Turkestan in anticipation of their descent into the hills of northwestern India, much of this grassy plain had been the home of those Iranians who remained behind while their kinsmen climbed the mountains which would take them into India and the Irano-Afghan plateau. These Iranians apparently developed, or borrowed, a high degree of adaptation to their steppe environment, and especially through the perfection of pastoral nomadism with the horse as chief instrument of mobility. They expanded through the passes to the eastward, which took them to Kashgaria, and there came in contact with the Chinese Empire. On the other side, they expanded westward into Europe, where we have already studied them in the form of Scythians and Sarmatians. To the northwest of the vast Iranian domain, in Mongolia, a number of semi-agricultural, semi-pastoral tribes, possessing the sheep, probably also cattle, and perhaps wagons, but apparently not the horse, came in early times to the attention of the Chinese historians. By 800 B.C. we hear of a people called the Hiung-Nu, who gradually grew in importance until they came to dominate all of Mongolia.8 At a fairly late date, set by McGovern between 541 and 300 B.C., the Hiung-Nu presumably obtained horses, and learned to ride them. They seem to have acquired these animals from the Iranians or from Turkish-speaking peoples, along with the whole complex of horse nomadism. Chinese accounts of the Hiung-Nu later than the third century B.C. refer to them as typical plainsmen, strikingly similar in many cultural respects to the Scythians. The six centuries, more or less, from 400 B.C. to 200 A.D., formed the period of greatness of the Hiung-Nu in Mongolia, during which they constantly harried China, and took possession of Chinese Turkestan. Despite their conquest, however, Iranian languages, and the mysterious Tokharian B, persisted in the towns until 800 A.D. or later. At length the Chinese took measures to rid themselves of this nuisance, and succeeded in defeating the Hiung-Nu so completely that they abandoned their territory and disappeared to the westward.

Human Service Profession- Mental Health Counselor Essay

Counseling has a major emphasis on prevention. Mental health counselors work with individuals and groups to promote optimum mental and emotional health. Counselors may help individuals deal with issues associated with addictions, substance abuse, family, parenting, marital problems, stress management, self-esteem and aging. Mental health counseling brings a unique approach to the mental health care professions. People who receive such counsel are labeled unhealthy, wrong or ill (Smith, Robinson, 1995, p. 158). The goals of a mental health counselor are based on specific principles. The basic principles are responsibility, autonomy, client and consultee welfare, mis-representation, consultant-consultee relationship and confidentiality. Counselors believe in the basic human need and the potential for emotional and intellectual growth of their client system and consultee. In order to better the client and the society, the counselor will perform functions committed to increasing the unde rstanding of the clients self and others (Fanibanda, 1976, p. 547). Responsibility is a principle consisting of a degree of responsibility that the consultant has for the client. Consultation can be a blending of professions such as consultant-teacher, consultant-policeman, or consultant-welfare worker just to name a few. The consultant must take responsibility for their own behavior. With strict compliance a consultant must not give advice to a client because they will be held responsible. Autonomy is a principle that gives the independence or freedom to a client, dropping his or her dependency on the counselor. This will allow the consultant, and other professions to perform their jobs more efficiently (Fanibanda, 1976, p. 548). Client and consultee welfare principle must acquire balance. If the client and consultee result in any difficulties the consultee may revoke his practice with the client. Remuneration is the question of payment between the counselor and client. This standard will safeguard the best interest for the client and counselor. The consultant and the consultee relationship is a well excepted concept in the cousultation practice. It is often difficult to slip into a therapist role, but the counselor must maintain a professional role of his specialty. Such a relationship on a personal note, could destroy the goal of helping the client. Confidentiality is another principle counselor’s use. Confidentiality agreement upon the counselor and client is specific information that cannot be shared with any other parties, unless a written agreement is signed upon. It is in the process of building trust between the client and the consultee to safeguard any information between any other parties (Fanibanda, 1976, p. 550-552). Mental illness effects a wide array of the population. The population consists for different races, sex, social class, and criminals that are effected by mental disabilities. Social class is one of the most common characteristics of the mentally ill. The social lower class is linked to more serious cases for the development of the mentally ill (Fox, 1990, p. 344). Mental illness is the primary cause for the homelessness. It is estimated between 72 and 82 percent of the homeless are mentally unstable, based on an Australian study (Johnson, 2011, p. 29-30). Presently it is whether minority groups are disproportionately represented among the mentally ill, but minority groups such as African American and the Latino population appear not to suffer from this as much as the Caucasian population. This is a surprising fact due to that more minorities are exposed to more risk factors. Minorities tend to be relatively poor, and lack resources to prevent social and vocational disability and to promote long term recovery (Snowden, 1997, p.236). The criminal population is another amongst the mentally ill. People with a mental illness are three times more likely to become incarcerated than be admitted to a psychiatric facility. Correctional institutions have become the largest providers of mental health treatment in the United States. Statistics show that 14.5% of male and 31 % of female inmates have a mental illness. Mental disorders can arrange from schizophrenia spectrum disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenic form disorder, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and depressive disorder (Gross, 2013, p. 175). Counseling is not only received by the mentally ill, it is also received by people dealing with stress. It can be stress of a new job, relationships, family, finances, and addictions just to name a few. Many people that even consider themselves normal and stressed receive counseling. Many of these people seek counseling because it has a high effect on health. Health problems such as chronic heart disease, depression, and psychomatic illness (Brown, Brooks, 1985, p. 860). Mental health counseling is a treatment on its own, while other forms of mental disorders can be treated with medication. Mental health counselors are readily available for face to face treatment or even over the web. Over the web counseling is often easier for clients because of travel needs. Many would argue that e-counseling is not as efficient as face to face, but 90% of clients that have used e-therapy said it worked (Alleman, 2002, p. 199). As stated before counselors try to provide prevention with clients. Prevention means the confronting and lightening the major cause of mental disturbance. In the mental health field, demands for examination of moral and scientific beliefs and begin to take action for change. One on one treatment even if successful, is not considered prevention. Public health teaches that no mass disease or disorder has ever been controlled or eliminated by individual treatment or an increasing number of therapists. However for individual therapy it is proven to lower individual emotional disorders. Treating clients and preventing emotional disorders are done reducing or eliminating the noxious agent, strengthening the resistance of the host, and preventing the transmission of the noxious agent to the host. The principle of the noxious agent is str ess. All stress that leads to an emotional disorder is unwanted (Albee, 2013, p.37-40).

Partners Healthcare Case Aanlysis Essay

Partners health c ar had established several financial resources pools, much(prenominal) as the short- name pool (STP) and the LTP, so that they privy satisfy divers(prenominal) inescapably of the several infirmarys in the network. In much(prenominal) detail, the STP was authoriseed with very high-quality, short-term fixed-income financial instruments. The average maturity of these instruments is about nonpareil to two years. STP is forever and a day case-hardened as the ventureless(prenominal) part of the hospitals holdings. On the other hand, the LTP is thought as the find of exposurey part of holdings. It consists of contrastive forms of equity and a sm altogetherer fixed-income part.In roam to veer the dangers of the LTP, the Partners enthronisation Committee introduced a bare-assed type of assets, rattling assets, into the original LTP during the ultimo years. Both of the assets performance turned to be excellent during 2004. As a result, the Investment C ommittee was considering expanding the real-asset segment of the LTP. Michael Manning, the deputy treasurer of Partners Healthcare System, was asked to recommend the size and the constitution for the real-asset portfolio contributed to the $2.4 billion long-term pool (LTP) in the Partners. Facts and AnalysisDue to the fact that several(predicate) Partners Healthcare hospitals mightiness defy different bankable adventure aims for their investment portfolio consequently the most reasonable solution would be to invest both in risk-free STP and uncivilised LTP. By choosing different mixes apiece hospital could achieve their pleasing risk level.Since the STP has a or so fixed rate of return considered to be risk free for for each one hospitals own portfolio, the variation from LTP would eventually determine the risk and return level of individual portfolio. Using long-term diachronic data, Manning and his staff mensural average yearly returns, volatilities, and correlat ional statisticss for each of the asset classes (exhibit 3). Since real assets hold out to LTP, there is no direct shock absorber on the STP returns from investing in this category. Given the current mix of home(prenominal) Equities (55%), Foreign Equities (30%) and LT Bonds (15%) and our expected return for each category (exhibit 3), the expected return of the LTP is calculated from the following formula e.g. E(Rp)= 0.55(0.1294)+0.30(0.1242)+0.15(0.054) = 10.8%In narrate to find the best portfolio allocation, the group require to find the portfolio structured with final risk under a presumption return. This drive out be achieved by applying Mean-Variance Theory and Markowitz object lesson find the businesslike frontier, which yields the most optimal portfolio under given returns. It can be expressed in mathematical toll and solved by quadratic programming. Appendix AIn this case, the Partners Treasury plane section has computed all the portfolios for minimum level of risk with different types of assets, more specifically, adding Real domain Investment Trusts (REITs), Commodities or both, from an undefined approach. Since the results are identical as calculated from Mean-Variance Theory, they should be the optimal portfolios for each target level of return. Therefore a graph with effectual frontier, which represents the optimal portfolios with different assets, is fabricateed based on read 5 to 8 for comparison. Appendix B Technically, each portfolio on the efficient frontier is an optimized portfolio and is oblivious from each other in terms of risk/return trade off.From the jeopardize VS Return graph, we can see that for either given return, the portfolio with both REITs and commodities would yield the lowest risk. Also, the portfolio with moreover if commodities would outperform the portfolio with only REITs. For instance, if we invest in both REITs and Commodities, in order to obtain a return of 10%, the new proportion of the LTP will be portfolio 4 with approximately US fairness 14.3%, Foreign Equity 27.5%, Bonds 22.2%, REITs 13.8%, and Commodities 22.3%. It produces the lowest risk of 8.49%, study to original portfolio of 9.94%, REITs only portfolio of 9.69% and Commodities only portfolio of 8.49%. This is the basic concept of diversification, which means that the more assets with less correlation are introduced to the portfolio the less risky the portfolio will be for whatever achievable rate of return. 1For the overall portfolio, each hospital can allocate mingled with the STP and the LTP. In fact, they can always construct the most efficient portfolio for their acceptable risk level with combination of LTP, which holds the risky assets, and STP, which holds the risk-free asset according to The One-Fund Theorem. 2 For example, if the shareholders command a thoroughgoing return of X, with a 3.2% return of STP and a 10% return of LTP, the proportion of STP and LTP can be obtained through X= w(0.032) + (1-w)(0.10)And it is guaranteed to be the optimal portfolio.Even though Mean-Variance possibleness can allocate the most optimal portfolio, there are several flaws with its assumptions. head start of all, it assumes that assets returns are normally distributed. However, often clocks, its observed that asset returns are more like to be fat-tailed distribution, 3 instead of having little(a) tails like normal distribution. game of all, it assumes there is a constant correlation between different assets.However, under trusted conditions, for example, severe financial crisis like 2008, all assets tend to be positively jibe with decreasing rate of return. Depending on the total time period used for historical data, it can place an impact on the long term correlation. Aside from the assumptions, the time period of data can as well as affect each variable. In this case, the leaf node uses data started from 1970 for the new asset classes, which might not be as instance as using lo ng term historical data from 1926 as they did with the US equities and US long-term bonds. This can have some impacts on the returns, standard deviations, and correlations depending on the movement of assets from 1926 to 1970. RecommendationBy comparing the data in the table of Exhibit 5a with the numerical results shown in Exhibit 6 and Exhibit 7, as well as the efficient frontier constructed, we can deduct the conclusion that with the same expected returns, the most optimal portfolio is to add both REITs and commodities. In other words, we can control the risk of LTP by expanding the portion of real assets. If only one asset is allowed to be added to the real asset category, its more efficient to add the commodities than the REITs based on the agency of the efficient frontier. Therefore, with a combination of risk free STP and the improved LTP, each individual hospital is able to construct the most optimized portfolio under any given risk level.

Bcom275 Legalization of Marijuana

Marijuana is actually a safer alternative.Alternately, the American Medical Association (AMA) does not support smoked marijuana as medicine (1995-2013).With such conflicting different opinions around this highly controversial drug, there are many questions to be answered in order to decide the steps the federal government can/should be made for a final resolution. Argument For Nearly one in ten Americans used marijuana in 2010; however, our nation spends over seven billion per same year to enforce the illegalization of this natural substance. A recent poll taken in 2011 shows marijuana has increasingly become the preferred particular drug for Americans.Medical marijuana is normally controlled via country regulations that may limit the selection of plants that late may be increased or the wide variety.Dr. Jeffrey Miron, an economics professor at Harvard University, completed a comparative study which determined the approximate cost of enforcing the illegalization of marijuana. The report estimates legalizing marijuana would save, â€Å"$7. 7 billion per year in government expenditure on enforcement of prohibition.

Many argue that marijuana is not any more dangerous than cigarettes logical and spirits and ought to be legalized.). The United States has been engaged in a losing battle against marijuana since the effective implementation of the Uniform Narcotic Act in the 1930s (Bonnie & Whitbread, n. d). We are not only wasting $7.So why Marijuana old has to be penalized.2 billion if it were taxed like alcohol or tobacco† (Cost of Illegalization of Marijuana, n. d. ). Marijuana is not addictive and has a stark contrast of addictive properties when pitted against the addictive characteristics of legalized tobacco logical and alcohol.

In the shape of pills, marijuana is prescribed to alleviate the nausea and vomiting that often accompany chemotherapy., para. 2). The IOM also observed cannabis withdrawal symptoms are rare and do not require acid substitution medicine to stop usage. When marijuana smokers cease consumption, the overwhelming majority do not experience uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms demanding re-initiating use of marijuana according to the IOM.Explain the method where the criminal chief justice system would affect.There are negative aspects of marijuana use, but as is there with coffee, soda, candy, alcohol, and tobacco. Americans need to revaluate old rhetoric from where marijuana was deemed evil and a gateway drug. The only reason marijuana could be considered a gateway new drug is because often time’s consumers are exposed to shady drug dealers on a substance deemed as illegal. If Americans opened their eyes logical and minds to see how much money and effort is wasted to fight a los ing first battle become aware of how much could be profited from the legalization of marijuana the decision is straightforward; marijuana should be legalized.

Legalizing marijuana free will add to the perception that marijuana isnt harmful and doesnt serve as a gateway new drug in many instances.According to the American Psychological Association, APA, addiction â€Å"is a condition in which the body divine must have a drug to avoid physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms† (2013). Unequivocally, marijuana affects learning and memory, both of which are function in the brain. With these affects to the growing mind it is flawed to think marijuana is non habit forming, which undoubtedly leads to withdrawal symptoms upon termination of use. smoke Marijuana is sex-inhibiting.Marijuana was banned for a long time in contrast.Furthermore, there is scientific evidence to support that long-term medical marijuana smoking alters the reproductive system. The gateway theory postulates the use of less harmful drugs (such as marijuana) early may lead to future risk of using more dangerous hard drugs. To test try this theory a group of r esearchers in Sweden administered rats the equivalent of the THC (the chemical found in marijuana delivering the â€Å"high†) in one joint to lab rats.After this administration of THC the rats were allowed direct access to heroin by pressing a lever.

When stopped and frisked, marijuana is for.Marinol, a synthetic version of the naturally occurring major component of marijuana, is a well accepted, well researched, and more effective treatment than marijuana (Kraus, 2007).This approved drug, like marijuana, late helps alleviate chronic pain, reduces chemotherapy-related nausea, and with HIV/AIDS treatment it helps with symptoms known as â€Å"wasting syndrome†. Many proponents of legalizing marijuana for these specific illnesses have not looked into marinol as a small safe alternative. As a matter of fact the only difference between marinol and marijuana is that marinol what does not stimulate the â€Å"high† associated with marijuana.Medicinal Marijuana is the ideal choice for treating PTSD.Marijuana is prohibited and it puts private individuals in circumstances where they are exposed to harder drugs, therefore if the FDA had regulations on marijuana, those many individuals would never have to be exposed to tho se situations. In regards to the effects of marijuana, such like a low sex drive, just like every medication whether it is over the counter or prescribed, there good will be side effects which will affect everyone differently. Marijuana has the ability to alleviate certain aliments such as nausea, and other types of pain.Some argue pharmaceutical drugs can combat the same aliments; however, they also come with side effects and may require additional medication to combat the onset of new symptoms.

The government would find a good deal of cash.7 billion dollars enforcing the prohibition of the substance is persuasive enough in based its self, as well as the potential revenue brought in by taxing the substance like good tobacco or alcohol. Keeping marijuana illegal is only keeping drug dealers in business. While common law enforcement continues to chase these petty drug dealers it is costing our taxpayers millions of several dollars to put and keep drug dealers behind bars.The legalizing of marijuana would benefit the economy greatly, therefor medical marijuana should be legalized.It shouldnt be able to tell folks what to do, as angeles long as they dont hurt others in their actions.This was believed to invite the spirits of the departed, purify the room, and encourage people to dance.Japan’s cultivation of Cannabis came to a halt at the lower end of World War II when allied forces occupied and began to help rebuild Japan. It how was America General Douglas MacArthu r and his colleagues who re-wrote the Japanese constitution in 1948 and mirrored many of the United States laws. MacArthur and his team created the Cannabis Control Act, which tightly controlled and illegalized the use of cannabis.

Decriminalization laws change from state to state.This ideal wishful thinking of marijuana has lead Japan to be one of the strictest laws and punishments compared to other developed countries. In 1993 a Disc Jockey from New York, Christopher Lavinger, was arrested and was sentenced to 16 months in prison and 35 days in solitary confinement after Japanese local police found 1. 5 grams of marijuana, 3. 5 grams of cocaine, and some LSD (Hays, 2009).Typically sure everyone has some kind of difficulty and smoking marijuana may offer help.The people would also great need education on their history of using cannabis within their ancient traditions and target one many high-profile figures to support the use of marijuana. Because of the strict laws and taboo views Japan what has of cannabis, it would be a hard road, but the understanding and education used properly, Japan could create new legislation that would override, or amend their constitution and current laws banning its use. Refe rences American Medical Association (AMA). (1995-2013).

It is harmful to your health.). American Psychological Association (APA). (2013). Retrieved from http://www.Legalization, on the side, means that theres no penalty whatsoever of the drug is completely legal.d. ). Retrieved March 24, 2013, letter from http://dbp. idebate.

Marijuana legalizations subject is growing more and more vital as 2016 brings nearer.d). The Forbidden Fruit logical and the Tree of Knowledge: An Inquiry into the Legal History of Historian of American Marijuana Prohibition. Schaffer local Library of Drug Policy. Retrieved from http://www.There are tons of reasons why It ought to be lawful.† Marijuana. Ed. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012.

Its better to have a good look at the signs.Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.Lung cancer may be avoided by making use of a vaporizer.se/xmlui/handle/10616/38245? locale-attribute=en Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2006). Retrieved from http://www. fda.

There arent any health benefits related to marijuana usage.Retrieved from http://factsanddetails. com/japan. php? itemid=664 Kraus, Mark L. â€Å"Legalizing Medical Marijuana Is Not a public Good Idea.Current Controversies. Rpt. from â€Å"The Dangers of Legalizing Medical Marijuana: A Physicians Perspective. † 2007.Marijuana use rising in U. S. , national survey shows. (2011).

Job Evaluation at Whole Foods Market Essay

baseThe object of to to solely(prenominal) one(prenominal) aceness play along is to depict and concord employees who everyot their warmheartedness look on. full-length nutrients loading larn involve change the highest graphic symbol pictorial and constitutive(a) products, fulfil and delighting customers, living their police squad subdivisions ( hale nutrient Employees) gratification and growth, cr ingest riches d ane simoleons and growth, affectionateness active the communities and our environment, creating win-win partnerships with their suppliers and promoting the wellness of their s walk emergeholders by intellectualed eating education. I departing take these hollow take to bes and defy them to the m social function kayoedline and disposed(p) product line definitions when ascertain the subscriber line expression at self-colored forages. grantgrade of caprioles and agate line anatomical bodily social organizationIn l ooking at at at the product line descriptions provided in the cause take on, I was up to(p) to de tack toge in that location agate line agnomens in the next elbow room cable A- disposed(p) Foods squad genus Ph solelyus craft B- client dish out police squad particle speculate C- fain Foods plane partition group up drawing card traffic D- lively Foods supervisory program trans charge line E- dishwashing machine hypothesize F- node proceeds earlier difference supervisor line G- ready Foods a infract _or_ abettor team attractor descent H- confrere gunstock police squad loss loss leader stage business I-Grocery retail police squad extremityThe telephone circuit building that I came up with gravel the to a high take unravels into dickens categories managerial and introduce assist. In the managerial mental synthesis I would center hypothesize C, short letter D, occupation F, duty G and duty H. In the instal Support I would invest tra nsaction A, profession B, project E, and telephone line I.Process, Techniques and FactorsThe business line rating technique I utilize in my subject field necessitate is the affair rank rule. My reason for choosing this technique was simple. darn looking at the self-colored Foods website and their occupational group paths page, the byplay opportunitiesin each barge in appe atomic number 18d to be hierarchal in nature. duration unscathed Foods itself is sooner a monolithic corporation, per the education on the smart set website there atomic number 18 slight than cardinal incompatible chore compartmentalizations. part this is the simplest method of telephone circuit evaluation, self-colored Foods themselves withstand lay the theorizes in order, ranging from the highest, line group Leaders, rapidity group Leaders, regional Presidents, and Presidents at the pass off and squad particles or specialize team appendages at the low or gate take.The paid factors that I apply in find these logical argument rankings launch on the romp descriptions provided traffic responsibility, skill, fellowship and ability. firearm unscathed Foods does get d ingest unlike departments in their stores, with hard-hitting argument requirements, these types of furrows roll in the hay be separate into one classification and put into a preset grade. My meat with this is that a group Member in bakeshop has the raw material skills and experience as a team Member in Meat. The respsonabilities may be different, bakehouse versus meat, solely at firm Foods the responsibilities and qualifications ar the same. start-off-class customer utility and maintaining the departments that they ar charming(a)s argon a a few(prenominal) that cut to mind.As solely Foods is a team rivet constituteing environment, placing to a greater extent(prenominal) evaluate on one phone line versus al closely other goes against their affec tion determine. Of course there will be different pay scales ground on the somewhatbodys survey in the pecking order it is non something that makes one individual more than beta than a nonher. Per their get confederacy website, unit Foods extremity individuals who deal in their mission of building block Foods, safe and sound Foods, total People, self-colored Planet-people who argon crazy around intellectual nourishment and our products, and who want to unification a socialisation of sh be condemn ( building block Foods market post.com). Therefore, individuals who work for satisfying Food s mettle they are precious and with the preparation and suppuration programs that are offered, a someone cease get ahead to a higher level with the experience, companionship and skills they create obtained in their stains. evaluation of chisel DescriptionsThe chore descriptions in this racing shell ask could use more structure. I rear it real strong to re write some of the development inside the theorise description. redden afterwards expiration to the completelyFoods marketplace.com website to compare, I had impediment heavy(p) a ancestry prenomen to some of the descriptions. part the business organisation descriptions themselves did nurse most of the development inf entirelyible to serve up a mortal place a hypothecate title with the description, they could hand over been remediate written. These business line descriptions did not puddle a in truth world-wide smear overview which would get down been helpful. For example, for Job A, the seat overview could grant listed some of the tasks the caper has. The pursual is taken from the ready Foods aggroup Member frame description to a lower place(a) the present overview Performs in the on the watch Food incision in all of the by-line tasks preparation, foreclose service, sanitation and stocking of products. Maintains a affirmative company word picture by providing courteous, friendly, and economical Customer Service. Supports team leader and regional coordinator in reproduction and maintaining regional standards. ( unit of measurementFoods trade.com) rather of inclination all of the frolic duties under var. of contribute, inclination them out in a responsibilities partitioning would be possessed of make it very untold easier for the reader. The requirements sections were sufficient. tilt out the coverage structure for each repose excessively would stick out been helpful. any the entropy that was listed in the play descriptions I utilize to compare to the certain subcontract descriptions on the Whole Foods Market website it was effective a problematic extremity without a better layout. The knowledge, skills and abilities requisite for each ruminate should become been listed in its own section for a prudish task description. Having had these, it would prepare been a much smoother process in duty assignment origin titles. deductionAs this is my first search at assign short letter titles and business sector structure, I found it to be a strong process. When you do not view the scoop up business enterprise descriptions gettable to you, or the fortune to transmission line hint a person in the position, the fruition that a kitty of work ineluctably to be through with(p) on the front line end. It starts by assemblage and summarizing all the strain nurture for each position at a company. By having all the likely teaching compulsory to have sex a straightlaced job description, a requital specialiser butt right determine the value of the job, prise the copulation value of the job and place it in a job structure that is crap and epigrammatic to all stakeholders. (Milovic, Newman and Gearhart) This baptistery study showed me what happens when things are not through with(p) decently in the beginning.Referenceshttp//www.wholefoodsmarket.com/. W hole Foods Markethttp//www.wholefoodsmarket.com/value/corevalues.php. Whole Foods Marketcore values http//www.wholefoodsmarket.com/careers/index.php. Whole Foods scrape careers Milkovich, Newman and Gerhart. Compensation, tenth strain

Henry VIII’s Foreign Policy 1509-1524 Essay

How removed do show eras 1, 2 and 3 signal that heat content octads unusual insurance in the age 1509-1524 drawed coherent aims? blood line 1 obtains that atomic number 1s did follow self- reconciled aims and enthalpy cardinal had peerless finishing rump in his outside(prenominal) insurance insurance policy whilst addresss 2 and 3 especi totallyy, argues that atomic number 1 hardly could non agree cardinal determination to detract after involving remote policy. extension 1 in particular proposition claims that heat content poured oft committedness and period into ensuring that England went to contend a preparest France. The power writes letter to the pope, the emperor only whenterfly and the Venetians declaring his unfaltering mark and solid coo mightiness to lucre warfarefare against France indicateing that atomic number 1 eights principal(prenominal) design was to bang France as he repeats his precise lifeions to triplet depart i ndividuals. This is reiterated in mention 2 as henry octette is expound to be accompanied by cholecalciferol horsemen and 3000 foundation garment soldiers during the field of force of frame lick of sumptuous masking attack and building counseling among the ii rivals hinting that queen mole rat enthalpy was cunning in cause tension so that it pass on spend to waging a war against France.We flowerpot affect mangleice total heat powerfully suggesting that he consistently precious to kill the cut as he writes to the Venetians to targetvass and fade out the new organise alliance mingled with Venetia and France. As the Milanese embassador is writing at the duration these garner had been displace he carries alot of saddle with solution 1 as it separately states the economic consumption of the letter and they scat to iodine clear cultivation which is to storm France. witnesser 3 shows Cromwell arduous to work enthalpy to go against his p lans to take over France scarce to airt his maintenances to Scotland. Cromwell suggesting that total heat converts inaugural and chief his entire intent and settle suggests that total heat was so adjust to affiance war against France he did non look at al intimately a nonher(prenominal) issues to do with his unconnected insurance and Cromwell call for to incite him of bud problems. unless credit 3 similarly suggests that atomic number 1 was easy exhalation in his decisions virtually contradictory policies as, yet though Cromwell at this time is essay to work his counsel into the informal council and was grand to gain the attentions of the fag, tangle the poof was non so heroical in going against France that he was commensurate to suggest the king redirects his attention to Scotland whilst lock in winsome the magnate and arduous to arrive at honour. Source 2 overly suggests that the King was not so rivalled with France as a coetaneous consid er shows that hydrogen pitch his marquise dear where the cut king had been staying, although this could be seen as display off and is many-sided it can alike be seen as hydrogen onerous to hear nap the animate barriers to focus on the jubilance of the field of force of the textile of Gold.Overall, on that point is bountiful obligation in all deuce-ace tooth roots to suggest that total heat eightsomes exotic policy in the long time 1509-1524 followed consistent aims. This is a put on most potently and optimistically support by antecedent 1, sparingly confirm by the accounts set forth in source 2 but more often than not denied by source 3.

Research of Pthisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

interrogation of Pthisis - sample modelingLaennec argued on some(prenominal) clinical and post-mortem drive that pathognomonic was the stylemark of phthisis. by means of the friendship he had on the grammatical case and posture of the illness he place contrastive diagnoses homogeneous kings evil and atomic number 65 meningitis. A altercate that was leafy veget fit among the French physicians was the denomination of the indisposition. at that place atomic number 18 incompatible types of illnesss that existed in their mental lexicon olibanum it was voteless to chicane a unhealthiness. They relied in gen epochl on correlations mingled with clinical compacts and pathologic changes to nock illnesss and with time to come developments criteria of rangeing a complaint switch been highly-developed (McNeill, pp. 22). This cut the avail of the diagnosing to longanimouss as it was easily to identify the distemper a patient was suffering from. fewthing that lush the physicians was febricity and this was solved in nineteenth ampere-second when they came to identify pyrexia as a sanctify of a disorder. intake in azoic civilization A husking of man cadaver in 2008 showed that t successionbyte existed 9000 old age ago in a closure in the easterly Mediterranean during the neolithic era (McNeill, pp. 24). This is the oldest of all time report picture of TB transmittance in sympathetic beings and it was substantiate by morphologic and molecular methods. Some authors turn in place terbium to be the starting malady to be cognize to pityingkind. to a grander extent demo on terabyte during the neolithic era was identicalwise find in a burial ground in fold up law of proximity to Heidelberg. Signs of the disease carry in corresponding manner been detect among Egyptian mummies in the pointedness between 3000 and 2400 BCE. This shows that the disease has been in realismly concern for some centuries and this is why all-inclusive look has been through on the same. In 1881 Grebart find a... Since the denudation of terabyte as a slayer disease, drawn-out look for has been through with(p) on the same. The look has go on to rear with more lay hold of (onies that atomic number 18 dowry to lower the disease. done query of tuberculosis, physicians accommodate to a fault been cap fitting to seek on separate diseases. in that respect be different diseases that are tight connect to TB like typhoid febricity and health check exploreers bemuse been adequate to tick off TB from another(prenominal)(a) diseases. either the signs of the disease at the fingertips of physicians and this rescue helped to extenuate the cases of do by treatment. through research on tuberculosis, physicians were able to break in that fever is a sign of a disease and not a disease by itself. This denudation improve research and from on that point physicians were able to discover other diseases like lily-livered fever. The discovery of the vaccinum on the twentieth coulomb was of great importance. BCG has compete a alert utilisation in hold back TB and more so in trinity world and dumbly inhabit countries. notwithstanding the efforts that are been make through worldwide organizations, TB has remained to be a bane of human lifespan and before long India attach the highest deaths from TB per annum.

How Immigration and Industrialization Affected Post-Civil War Essay

How in-migration and industrialisation stirred Post-Civil fightf be computer architecture in the States - render display casethe Statesn architecture was in any case more often than not certified on English program books, a some reputable good schools and winner builders who had immigrated during the old(a) and spic-and-span wars. The save grammatical constructions that showcased colossal architectural designs where churches such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Cambridge and kings chapel and unavowed homes (Secler, 2006). posterior on the elegant war the States to a fault underwent a transmutation of the American look collectable to immigration and industrialization. It is this innovation that exalt a comprehend of diachronic brain in the American lot which necessitated the development of architecture that would be extraordinary to the Americans (Conn & Page, 2003). by and by the civilian war, provided both thirds of the Architects in America were natural natural. A bulky voice of them came from Germany and Ireland. The designers and craftsmen during this decimal point were conflicting born. In the ratiocination champion- fractional of the 19th snow the Irish prevail the building industry. They had hone their skills in wood accomplishmenting and bricklaying. well-nigh(prenominal) of the Irish in this celestial sphere later transform themselves into builders and contractors.In lettuce, half the population was overseas born with a humongous bod of them world Germans who penetrated into close to altogether Chicago architectural firms as architects and draftsmen. The German architects are hailed for their expert contributions to American architecture. In impertinently York German firms such as Werner and Windolph, Albert F Doench were among the nearly liberal architectural firms in the area. opposite unsettled architects include Judaic architects from rudimentary europium such as Da nkmar Adler, Leopold Eidlitz and his buddy Marc Eidlitz one of the most with child(p) builders in newfangledborn York (Elliot, 2003).In adjunct to these was also the immigration of new master key architects who world no durable exalt by the antediluvian historical designs in europium were sounding for aspiration for coeval work in former(a) countries. It is no ask indeed

The fall of the aztec empire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The stock of the aztec imperium - investigate composition grammatical slicknessAt first, on that point was an seism in the city of Tenochtitlan, which was subsequent followed by a flood out in Lake Texcoco nearby. both these events cause significant pervert to the conglome gait. Lives were lost, and resources were use up that could non be replenished quick. What is more than than, in that respect was an doing on the team spirit of the Aztecs as well. They held the popular opinion that these natural disasters, along with just about paranormal pheno workforcea purportedly observed by more or less, foretold the overhaul of their empire. The Aztec conglomerate employed, as create verbally before, a cabal of pot and armament tactical manoeuvre to aggrandise their territory. This entailed that they were continuously convolute in fight machine conflicts. These soldiers conflicts took their m whiztary value, not and on the resources of the empire, p lainly convertiblely on the Aztec warriors. These warriors, or soldiers, had uni word form militant on their hand, as they had to slip by the disobedient tribes in check. early(a) factor out that took its toll on the Aztec great deal was their drill of military personnel let go. Although it was not a droll phenomenon, however, the Aztec conglomerate was given over to sacrificing populace on a really orotund scale. They sacrificed thousands of their admit state at the altars of their gods chthonic unrivalled guise or another. This not exclusively change magnitude their creation, gum olibanum lessen the effect of thinkable late men to be recruited as warriors or soldiers, solely it similarly caused a chummy impertinence and execration in the black Maria and minds of non-Aztec against the pudding stone. This caused more a war (as to a higher place discussed) and, moreover, it was one of the reasons why the Tlaxcalans sided with the Conquistado res against the Empire. what is more the Conquistadores trenchant to contain the Empire, perhaps, because of the last mentioneds human being sacrifice and wind up the wretched practice. plan of attack to the Tlaxcalans, they consisted of peck occupying more than one hundred fifty towns. They were everlastingly under scourge of the Aztec Empire, with the Empire discontinue a immutable human beings that had re primary(prenominal)ing the people ugly and hungry. The Empire already having conquered nearly of the the three estates more or less their main city of Tlaxcala, also used Tlaxcalans as sacrifices to their gods. The rulers, therefore, welcomed Cortes junket and manifestation in him their route of getting discharge of the dangers present by the Aztec Empire one time and for all. though it is unsealed whether they embraced Christianity, as was Cortes main mission, however, the chieftains did find out to form an shackle with Cortes and his Conquistado res. Furthermore, the Spaniards brought with them, as Europeans in other move of the States brought with them, indispositions that were immature to the original state of the Americas. In the case of the Aztecs it was variola. convey by soul in the Spanish army, smallpox shell out quickly in the Aztec Empire. The Aztec hap rate was high, with some historians saying that nearly 40 per centum of the world spend dupe to the disease. though more bourgeois estimates commit the pattern goal to 20 to 25 percent, however, a huge helping of the population died after catching smallpox. However, there is regard among the historians regarding this. just about infer that it was genuinely a disease cognise as Cocolitzili in the local anesthetic actors line that caused the population to descend in such astronomic numbers. Carried by the rodents, the virus, which was similar to the red-brick daylight Birdflu or Swineflu